Exam (elaborations)
VTNE: Pharmacology Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
- Course
- Institution
VTNE: Pharmacology Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
[Show more]
Content preview
1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+VTNE: Pharmacology Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Who regulates controlled drugs?
✓ The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and the DEA (Drug
Enforcement Administration)
C-I
✓ Schedule I drugs have the most abuse potential and no current
medically acceptable use
✓ Marajuana, heroin
C-II
✓ Schedule II drugs have a high abuse potential and are prone to cause
severe dependence
✓ Written prescription only (except in emergencies with written script
within 72 hrs)
✓ No refills
✓ Morphine, oxycodone, amphetamines, fentanyl
C-III
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Schedule III drugs have moderate abuse potential with low to
moderate risk of dependence (more likely psychological than physical)
✓ Ketamine, buprenorphine, anabolic steroids, intermediate-acting
barbiturates
C-IV
✓ Schedule IV drugs have a low abuse potential and low risk of
dependence
✓ Benzodiazepines (diazepam), long-acting barbiturates (phenobarbital)
C-V
✓ Schedule V drugs have the lowest risk of abuse or dependence of the
scheduled drugs
Compounded drug
✓ One that has been manipulated in a way that is not provided for in an
FDA approved drug label
Five "rights" of drug administration
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Right drug
✓ Right amount
✓ Right route
✓ Right time
✓ Right patient
Therapeutic index (TI)
✓ Comparison between a drug's ability to reach the desired effect and
its tendency to produce toxic effects
✓ TI = LD50/ED50
✓ The larger the number, the safer the drug
LD50
✓ The dose of a drug that is lethal in 50% of the animals in a trial
ED50
✓ The dose of a drug that is effective in 50% of the animals in a trial
Blood-brain barrier
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ A mechanism that prevents some substances in the blood from
reaching the brain. It is achieved by brain capillaries, which unlike
other capillaries elsewhere in the body, are composed of endothelial
cells sealed together in continuous tight junctions and surrounded by
astrocytes that contribute to the selective passage of substances.
Lipid-soluble substances such as alcohol, caffeine, nicotine and most
anaesthetics, as well as glucose, oxygen and water, pass rapidly into
brain cells, whereas proteins, most antibiotics and ions do not enter or
enter very slowly. The mechanism protects brain cells against harmful
substances and pathogens.
Biotransformation
✓ The process by which the body inactivates and breaks down a drug
and readies it for excretion
✓ Types include hydroxylation and acetylation
✓ Also known as metabolism
Metabolite
✓ Byproduct produced when a drug is metabolized
✓ Can be active or inactive
Antimicrobial drugs
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ExamArsenal. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
85443 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now