- Grote ontevredenheid, stakingen en sociale onrust
- 1898: oprichting van de sociaaldemocratische partij (partij heeft niets te zeggen)
- Deze partij splitst in twee groepen: Bolsjewieken en de Mensjewieken
1.2 De Januari-opstand
- Bolsjewieken: radicale groep sociaal democraten (communisten)
(*) Bolsje: meer (hoeveelheid)
- Mensjewieken: gematigde groep sociaaldemocraten
(*) Mensje: minder (hoeveelheid)
- 9 januari 1905: vreedzame betoging aan het Winterpaleis in de hoofdstad Sint-Petersburg
(Bloedige Zondag)
Doel: betere arbeidsomstandigheden en meer vrijheid
- Syrische soldaten openen het vuur (dit zal leiden tot ongeveer 200 doden), deze gebeurtenis
komt extra frustrerend binnen bij de bevolking
- Bevolking komt in opstand!
- Tsaar kent de Russen en parlement (Doema) en burgerrechten toe
- Doema heeft zeer weinig macht, het leger slaat de opstand neer
WOI en de Februarirevolutie
2.1 Rusland in WOI (1914-1917)
- Russische leger kent vele nederlagen aan het oostfront
- Gigantisch leger: 1,4 miljoen soldaten, sterk onderbewapend
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