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NSC 408 FINAL EXAM REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 [ 25
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NSC 408 FINAL EXAM REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 [ 25
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NSC 408 FINAL EXAM REVIEWEDQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 [ 25
Which of the following is a factor that helps determine the effect of a given nutrient in our bodies?
Dosage (how much is consumed)
Nutrient timing (when the nutrient is consumed)
Genotype (mutations/polymorphisms)
Co-exposure (other environmental factors that can interact with the nutrient) ANS - All of the above
What does the Agouti mouse experiment demonstrate? ANS - Maternal diet during gestation has a
profound effect on the phenotype of the offspring
Based on your knowledge of the folate-methionine pathway, which of the following would likely affect
breast cancer risk due to altered DNA methylation patterns?
Increased dietary exposure to intermediates of this pathway (folate, methionine, zinc, etc.)
A polymorphism in MTHFR, the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway
Increased FOL-1 (folate receptor) expression ANS - All of the above
What is most likely the largest provider of carbons for gluconeogenesis in the absence of glucose? ANS -
Amino acids
By which process is an amino group removed from an amino acid and placed onto an alpha-keto acid,
creating a new amino acid and a new alpha-keto acid? ANS - Transamination
Based on your knowledge of the metabolic pathways of glucose, amino acids, and fats, which would
most likely be elevated in a patient with a non-functioning pyruvate carboxylase (PC) enzyme? ANS -
Blood alanine, blood lactate, ketone bodies
, Our bodies produce a vastly greater amount of proteins than the number of genes we have, even
though our genes encode for these proteins. Which of the following is *NOT* a method by which this
occurs?
Posttranslational modification of proteins changes protein shape and function.
Alternate splicing (splice variants) of RNA during transcription yields distinct proteins.
Backward transcription of genes yields proteins with opposite effects.
Alternate transcription start sites results in different proteins from the same gene. ANS - Backward
transcription of genes yields proteins with opposite effects.
Why didn't the completion of the human genome project give us the answers to curing all diseases?
ANS - The vast majority of disease are not related to genetics, but to epigenetics, proteomics (the
profile of proteins present in an individual) and environmental exposures
In which organ does gluconeogenesis take place? ANS - Liver
When no glucose is available, our bodies create more through gluconeogenesis. When this happenes,
amino acids like leucine and lysine are mainly converted to Acetyl-CoA. Therefore, how many net
carbons do these particular amino acids contribute to new glucose through gluconeogenesis? ANS - 0
(zero)
Which part of a gene carries the genetic information, which will eventually be translated into a protein?
ANS - Exon
The expression of genes is cell/tissue specific (i.e. the protein products of genes in one type of cell can
be different than in other types of cells). ANS - True
Which reaction does the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme catalyze? ANS - Conversion of pyruvate to
oxaloacetate
The epigenetic benefits gained from eating foods such as broccoli, are transient, meaning they don't last
forever. In order to sustain these benefits, consumption of the food must be consistent. ANS - True
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