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NGR6172 Unit 4 Endocrine with 100- correct answers (latest update).
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NGR6172 Unit 4 Endocrine with 100- correct answers (latest update).
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NGR6172 Unit 4 Endocrine with100% correct answers (latest
update)
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Insulin resistance occurs in type 2 diabetes. Which ethnic groups are at
higher risk for developing insulin resistance?r - answer - African
Americans
- Asian Americans
- Mexican Americans
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ In patients with insulin resistance, the insulin levels are (increased or
decreased)? - answer Increased
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ What does hyperinsulinemia do to the body? - answer - Increases
smooth muscle proliferation
- increases angiotensin II
- enhances sympathetic activation
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Sustained hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, ketonuria, and weight
loss are clinical signs of____________? - answer Diabetes mellitus (DM)
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
,□ What is the skin manifestation that may be present with DM? - answer
Acanthosis nigricans
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ How is DM diagnosed? - answer - Fasting blood sugar > or equal to 126
mg/dL or random check > 200 mg/dL.
- HbA1c > 6.5
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ What are some of the risk factors for DM? - answer - overweight (BMI >
25 kg/m2)
- inactive
- have a first-degree relative with DM
- in a high-risk race/ethnic groups
- have had gestational DM
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Patients without risk factors for DM should be screened starting at
age_____? - answer 45
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Name some medications that can elevate blood glucose levels and
increase the risk of DM: (5) - answer - antipsychotics
- glucocorticoids
- statins
,- sympathomimmetics
- thiazide diuretics
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are at risk of developing____? -
answer DM
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Glucose interacts spontaneously with Hbg in RBCs to form glycated
derivatives that can be measured in the blood.
What is the name of this test that serves as an index of average glucose
levels over the prior 2-3 months? - answer Glycosylated hemoglobin
(HbA1C)
□ What level of HbA1c is considered "prediabetes" or impaired fasting
glucose (IFG?) - answer 5.7-6.4%
(According to the 2015 AACE/ACE Guideline HbA1c of 5.5% is considered
prediabetes)
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Why is the term "prediabetes" preferred rather than impaired fasting
glucose or impaired glucose tolerance or borderline diabetes? - answer
Patients are more inclined to initiate self-care when their condition is
called "pre-diabetes" and are at risk for developing DM
□ What is the recommended treatment for patients with prediabetes? -
answer TLC.
, - Pharmacotherapy can be initiated in patients with high risk of developing
DM
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ What is the target value HbA1C for patients with diabetes? - answer
Less than 7% (ADA)--- Ideal is 6.5% (AACE). I
- Important new research indicates that tight glucose control in some
individuals can be detrimental. Patients should be treated as individuals.
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Name some situations in which the goal HbA1c may be as high as 8%. -
answer - patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia
- limited life expectancy
- advanced renal or macrovascular complications
- extensive comorbid conditions
- long-standing DM in which the A1C goal have
been difficult to attain.
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ What is SMBG? - answer S_elf M_onitoring B_lood G_lucose
DRUGS FOR DIABETES
□ Patients with normal fasting blood sugar may have
elevated bA1c levels because of elevations of___________________? - answer
Post prandial glucose
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