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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 1 & 2 inleiding tot biochemische processen
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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 1 en 2 van het vak Chemie en Inleiding tot de biochemische processen. Dit omvat lesnotities, samengevatte cursus.
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Inleiding• Macromoleculen
o Stabiele grotere eenheden
- Erfelijk materiaal (chromosomen)
- Celmembraan = vetmoleculen en eiwitten
o Tijdelijke vorm
- O2
- Spiercellen, D-glucose als energie. GLUT 4 eiwitten vormen
tijdelijk complex met glucose en zorgen dat enkel wnr nodig
glucose in cel komt
• Interacties van chemische aard
o Covalente bindingen
o Zwakke krachten tussen FG
• Biopolymeren: opgebouwd door covalent te binden op stabiele eenheden/monomeren
o Homobiopolymeren: 1 type monomeer
o Heterobiopolymeren: meerdere (eiwitten en nz)
• Eiwitten = polypeptideketens, uit AZ
o 20 monomeren verschillen in R-groep
• Monosacchariden (alfa en beta na cyclisatie)
o Disacchariden (maltose, lactose of sucrose) na glycosidebindingen
o Polysacchariden: pyranosevorm bv amylose en glycogeen
• NZ: DNA en RNA
Lipiden of vetten
, • Niet-covalente elektrostatische aantrekkingskrachten tssn delen van deze grote moleculen
o DNA:dubbelhelix met 2 lange polymeren nucleotideketens met Hbrug
o Myoglobine
• Niet-covalente bindingen voor interactie met andere biomoleculen
o Vormen zwakke aantrekkingskrachten in contactopp partnermolecule = moleculaire
herkenning
o Bv eiwitten met eiwitten (D-glucose met GLUT)
o Interactie insulinehormoon
- Interactie met insulinereceptor, zet cellen aan om glucose op te nemen
• Verschil tussen carboNYL en carboXYL (R-CO-OH). Carboxyl heeft zwak zure eig, de
corresponderende base – geladen carboxylaation
• Verschil amine -NH2 en amide -CO-NH2. Amine is zwak basisch en zure vorm is + geladen NH3+.
Amide is geen base. Beiden wel polair
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