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AACN Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Latest Update

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AACN Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Latest Update GI flora changes from antibiotics - 1. Decreased GI flora which produce Vit. K - warfarin pts prone to bleeding 2. Decreased production of estrogen metabolites by gut flora - estrogen based contraceptives less effective ...

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  • October 30, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

AACN Pharmacology Exam Questions

and Answers 100% Solved | Latest

Update


GI flora changes from antibiotics - ✔✔1. Decreased GI flora which produce

Vit. K - warfarin pts prone to bleeding



2. Decreased production of estrogen metabolites by gut flora - estrogen

based contraceptives less effective



3. MACROLIDES decrease amount of gut flora which metabolize Digoxin,

therefore the active concentration increases

Chelation of oral drugs - ✔✔1. Cipro with antacids



2. Cholecystyramine (prevalite) with almost any other PO drug

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

3. Sucralfate with any other antacid - need AT LEAST 30 MIN between

administration

Major binding proteins - ✔✔Alpha1-acid glycoprotein



Albumin



*Both decreased in critical illness

Protein bound drugs - ✔✔E.g. Warfarin - has very low free fraction



The more protein bound a drug is, the higher chance of adverse reactions

and drug interactions—changes in diet or health and other drugs competing

for protein binding sites alter free fraction



Drug with higher protein affinity will bind and other drug will have increased

free fraction - e.g. aspirin displacing warfarin

Poorly protein bound drugs - ✔✔Gentamicin - free fraction relatively

independent of protein

Volume of distribution - ✔✔The extent to which a drug moves out of

intravascular space into body tissues

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.


(Lot of movement out = high volume of distribution)



Dependent upon lipid vs water solubility and protein binding

High Vd - ✔✔Poorly protein bound, lipid soluble

Sepsis - ✔✔qSOFA score >2

-->higher is worse

qSOFA (quick sequential organ failure assessment) - ✔✔respiratory rate

>22



SBP </=100



GCS <15

Septic shock - ✔✔MAP <65, Lactic >2 despite adequate (30ml/kg NS) fluid

boluses

3 hour surviving sepsis bundle - ✔✔-measure lactate, get BCs, hang ABX

w/in 1hr of arrival



-if lactate >4 or MAP <65, 30ml/kg fluid bolus

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