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BIOQUÍMICA - LOS GLÚCIDOS
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Apuntes sobre los glúcidos. Nivel Bachillerato
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TEMA 1LOS GLÚCIDOS
1.- LOS GLÚCIDOS
Los glúcidos (Glycis = Dulce) son compuestos formados por C, H y O, cuya fórmula es
(CH2O)n. También se conocen como hidratos de carbono. Químicamente son
polihidroxialdehídos o polihidroxicetonas (grupo aldehído, ceto e hidroxilo).
1. MONOSACÁRIDOS: Son los más simples. También se conocen como osas.
→ Gliceraldehido (3C)
→ Ribosa (5C), Desoxirribosa (5C)
→ Ribulosa (5C)
→ Glucosa (6C) y Galactosa (6C)
→ Fructosa (6C)
2. DISACÁRIDOS: Están formados por 2 monosacáridos
→ Maltosa (Glucosa + Glucosa)
→ Lactosa (Galactosa + Glucosa)
→ Sacarosa (Glucosa + Fructosa)
, → Celobiosa
3. POLISACÁRIDOS: Están compuestos por muchos monosacáridos
→ Almidón (Glucosas ramificadas)
→ Glucógeno (Glucosas ramificadas)
→ Quitina (N-acetil glucosamina)
→ Celulosa (Glucosa lineal)
Existen compuestos que están formados por la combinación de un conjunto de
monosacáridos con fracciones moleculares de naturaleza no glucídica como proteínas
(Glucoproteínas. Ejemplo: Protrombina) y lípidos (Glucolípidos)
2.- CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS GLÚCIDOS
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