1. Who is at risk for hemolytic anemia? - mismatched blood types (cytotox-
ic Type 2 - destroys RBCs)
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia
d/t autoantibodies against erythro-
cytes (seen as an antigen and is
attacked)
- allergic reaction to a drug
that causes drug-induced hemolyt-
ic anemia
2. Neutrophils What WBC is the first to appear in
any immune response?
3. Sensitization Occurs after an initial encounter
with an allergen
4. IgE antibodies What antibodies are associated
with Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reac-
tions?
5. Anaphylaxis A Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction
mediated by IgE and mast cells
where those who have been ex-
posed are highly sensitized
6. Inflammatory mediators Produce vasodilation, bronchial
smooth muscle contraction, and
mucus production in a hypersensi-
tivity reaction
7. Urticaria An example of a Type 1 Hypersen-
sitivity Reaction where hives and
eosinophilia are noted in the reac-
tion
8. Type 1 This type of hypersensitivity reac-
tion is also considered an allergic
reaction
9. Type 2
, NR-507: Midterm Exam
This type of hypersensitivity reac-
tion is tissue specific - aka it occurs
because of happens that cause a
response mediated by IgG and IgM
antibodies
10. IgG and IgM What antibodies are present in a
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction?
11. Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction In this reaction, antibodies are
specifically directed to the antigen
located on the cell membrane, and
thus is organ specific.
12. Hapten A small molecule that can cause
an immune response when it at-
taches to a protein
13. Macrophages What are the primary effector cells
in Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reac-
tions?
14. What is the first action in a Type 2 Cell to be destroyed by the anti-
Hypersensitivity Reaction? body
15. How is cell destruction achieved in a Cell destruction through phagocy-
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction? tosis by macrophages
16. What role do neutrophils play in a Type Damage to the cell by neutrophils
2 Hypersensitivity Reaction? triggering phagocytosis
17. Which cells release toxic substances Natural killer cells
to destroy the target cell in a Type 2
Hypersensitivity Reaction?
18. What can happen to a cell in a Type 2 Malfunction of the cell
Hypersensitivity Reaction without be-
ing destroyed?
19. Drug allergies An example of a Type 2 reaction
, NR-507: Midterm Exam
20. Allergies against infectious agents An example of a Type 2 reaction
21. Hemolytic anemia An example of a Type 2 reaction
22. Blood transfusion mismatch with An example of a Type 2 reaction
transfusion reaction
23. Rh hemolytic disease An example of a Type 2 reaction
24. Graves disease An example of a Type 2 reaction
25. complement; RBC lysis Damage from ABO incompatibili-
ty occurs because of the effects
of ____ on the RBC on the mem-
brane that results in ____.
26. Neutrophils These are the primary effector
cells in Type 3 Hypersensitivity Re-
actions
27. Immune complex Antibody + Antigen that circulates
in the blood
28. Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction In this hypersensitivity response,
the antibody binds to the antigen in
the blood or body fluids and then
circulates to the tissue
29. not organ specific Type 3 reactions are different from
Type 2 because the response is
______.
30. Autoimmune disease Immune-complex deposition over-
whelms the body because the
ICDs are deposited into the tissues
causing inflammation as mononu-
clear phagocytes, erythrocytes,
and complement system fail to re-
move the immune complexes from
the blood.
, NR-507: Midterm Exam
31. Serum sickness An example of a Type 3 Hypersen-
sitivity Reaction
32. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) An example of a Type 3 Hypersen-
sitivity Reaction
33. Raynaud's phenomenon An example of a Type 3 Hypersen-
sitivity Reaction
34. Cell-mediated; delayed Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reactions
are _____ and are characterized
by a ______ reaction.
35. Malnutrition This is the predominant cause
of secondary immune deficiencies
worldwide.
36. Primary immunodeficiency A defect of the immune system
such as antibody deficiencies, B-
and T-cell deficiencies, defects in
phagocytic cells, and deficiency of
the complement system.
37. Secondary immunodeficiency The immune system becomes
compromised because of some-
thing outside of the immune sys-
tem such as cancer, effects of
drugs (ex: chemo), and infections
39. Secondary immunodeficiencies 1. Human immunodeficiency virus
2. Pneumocystis carinii
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