Exam (elaborations)
NUR 4445 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | GRADED A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 4445 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | GRADED A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 4445 Cardiovascular System1. Ductus venosus
- Umbilical vein caries oxygenated blood
mother to infant
- bypasses liver
2. Ductus arteriosus
- Fistula allows blood from aorta and pulmonary artery to flow/mix oxygenated blood
- bypasses lungs
3. Foramen ovale
fistula allows blood to flow from R to L atrium
4. How does cardiac function differ in infants and children?
- Infants have a high heart rate to maintain cardiac output
- Around age 5 years, the heart muscles develop which makes the cardiac output less dependent
on heart rate
5. What is the order of assessment in children?
- Inspection
- Palpation & Percussion
- Auscultation
6. What are we inspecting in a cardiac assessment of a child (6)?
, - Nutrition - FTT or poor weight gain?
- Color - cyanosis or pallor?
- Chest deformities
- Pulsations - jugular distention
- Respiratory effort
- Clubbing
7. What are we palpating/percussing (3) and auscultating (2) in a cardiac assessment of a
child?
Palpation & Percussion
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Peripheral pulses Auscultation
- Rate & Rhythm
- Character of heart sounds
8. How do we take a child's blood pressure? What should we keep in mind when measuring a
child's BP (2)
- Selection of appropriate size cuff most impor- tant
- Simultaneous arm & leg BP to rule out coarctation of aorta
- Normal
Lower extremity BP > or = to arm BP
- Serial BP measurements on repeat visits to rule out hypertension
9. What is a Cyanotic heart defect? What are the different types (2)?
- de- creased pulmonary blood flow
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