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BPS 2110: Insulin Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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BPS 2110: Insulin Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved What are biologic drugs? - -Vaccines, proteins, antibody, nucleic acid -Normally high molecular weight (>2000) -Manufactured using living things e.g plants, animals, humans, single cells -Generally injectable --cannot survive digesti...

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  • October 30, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
BPS 2110: Insulin Exam Questions and

Answers 100% Solved


What are biologic drugs? - ✔✔-Vaccines, proteins, antibody, nucleic acid

-Normally high molecular weight (>2000)

-Manufactured using living things e.g plants, animals, humans, single cells

-Generally injectable

--cannot survive digestive tract

--other routes (nasal spray, suppository) are possible

-Proportion of new drugs on market that are biologic is increasing (-->40%)

What is diabetes? - ✔✔-Family of metabolic disorders

-Characterized by high blood sugar concentrations

-Inability to regulate amount of sugar present in the blood

--cardiovascular problems

--kidney disease

--skin ulcers

--eye damage

>170 million affected (World)

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
3.2 million deaths /yr

How is blood glucose concentration regulated? - ✔✔-By insulin (Hormone

produced by pancreas)

-Regulates metabolism of carbs, fats, protein

-Promotes absorption of blood glucose by fat & liver cells

-Cells convert glucose into glycogen (glucose storage polymer) or fat

What are the effects of high insulin? Low insulin? - ✔✔High insulin = low

blood sugar

-Glucose is converted to storage forms

-Glucose unavailable to body cells



Low insulin = high blood sugar

-Storage glucose converted to glucose

-Body also begins to break down proteins (catabolism)

What are the two types of diabetes? - ✔✔Type 1 (10%)

-Pancreas no longer produces insulin

-Starts in childhood

-Autoimmune component



Type II (90%)

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
-Insulin resistance

-Pancreas produces insulin but cells do not respond

-Autoimmune component

-Obesity

What was the prognosis before 1923 for diabetes? - ✔✔-Death

-Disease starts in childhood

-Die in early teenage years

-Possible to extend lifespan SLIGHTLY using special diets

What were the experiments by Banting and Best? What was early insulin

production like e.g sources? - ✔✔-Surgically altered dogs to enable insulin

isolation

--Tied off pancreatic duct

--Cells died, leaving behind Islets of Langerhans

--Isolated pancreatic extract from islets

-Used dog pancreatic extract to treat diabetic dogs

--Created by surgically removing pancreas

-Successfully isolated crude form of insulin



-Insulin first marketed in 1923

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
-First human experiments failed (14 yr old boy in 1922) because dog insulin

was too impure

-Better purification methods gave better results

-Different animal sources (bovine)

-Isolation from animals: early animal choices based on supply from

slaughterhouses

e.g bovine (Cow), porcine (pig), equine (horse), icythyic (fish)

What was the issue with animal sources for insulin? - ✔✔-Mixture of insulin

and other animal proteins



Proinsulin (immunogenic)

-Patients become allergic to a "type" of insulin

-Switch every few years to a diff animal source

-Glucagon

-Somatostatin

-Proteases (Slowly destroy other proteins in the drug; limits shelf life of

insulin)

What was the general isolation method in the 1920s? - ✔✔-Truckload of

pancreases

-Homogenization

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