WSET LEVEL 3 EXAMS ALL 700 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS VERSION
ALREADY A GRADED | ALREADY A GRADED | NEW
AND REVISED
Cutting - ANSWERSection of a vine shoot that is planted and then grows as a new
plant
Vitis vinifera - ANSWERMain Eurasian species
Clonal selection - ANSWERVines with positive mutations are selected for further
propagation by cutting or layering, so that the positive characteristics of these vines
can be carried forward in new plantings
Crossings - ANSWERWhen a new variety is produced from two parents of the same
species
Grafting - ANSWERTechnique used to join a rootstock to a V. vinifera variety
véraison - ANSWERChange of color when the grape is ripening
Latitude where grapes are grown - ANSWERbetween 30-50 degrees north and south
of the equator
,Earthing up - ANSWERProcess used to protect from the winter freeze, where earth is
used to cover up and protect the graft
Methods to protect from spring frost - ANSWER-Heaters: placed throughout the
vineyard and lit if frost is forecast. Creates movement in the air and prevents cold air
from settling and causing frost
-Wind machines: large fan that draws warm air from above to keep the temperature at
ground level above freezing
-Sprinklers: spray water on to the vines, so as the water freezes, it releases some heat
into the plant tissue protecting the buds and shoots
-Thoughtful vineyard design: planting vineyards on slopes and avoiding depressing
in which cold air can collect. Also training vines high to avoid cold air that sinks to
the ground
Transpiration - ANSWERProcess when the vine accesses water through its roots and
draws it up to its leaves
Irrigation techniques - ANSWERDrip irrigation: most advanced and most expensive.
Each vine has its own dripper that can be computer controlled to ensure that each
vine gets the optimum amount of water
Sprinklers: Cheaper but waste a lot of water and create damp conditions in the
vineyard, causing a risk of disease
Flood irrigation: only possible in vineyards that are flat or very gently sloping and
where there is access to large quantities of water
,Water hazards - ANSWERDrought
Too much water - vine will continue to grow shots and leaves during ripening season,
leaving less sugar for ripening grapes. Damp conditions can also encourage the
spread of fungal diseases
Hail - can use netting for protection
Continental climate - ANSWERGreatest difference in temp b/w the hottest and coldest
months (high continentality)
Better suited to varieties that bud late and ripen early
Maritime climate - ANSWERCool to moderate temps and a low annual difference
between the hottest and coldest months
Warm enough for grapes to continue ripening through the autumn
Mediterranean climate - ANSWERLow temp difference between the hottest and
coldest months but the summers tend to be warm and dry
Extra warmth and sunlight leads to wines that are fuller bodied with riper tannins,
higher alc, and lower levels of acidity
Loam - ANSWERMixture of sand and clay particles
Most important nutrients for a vine - ANSWERNitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium
Vine training - ANSWERShape of permanent wood of the vine
Head training - ANSWERRelatively little permanent wood, some only have a trunk
, Cordon training - ANSWERTrunk with one or more permanent horizontal arms
Spur pruning - ANSWERSpurs are short sections of one-year-old wood that have
been cut down to only two or three buds
Replacement cane pruning - ANSWERCanes are longer sections of one-year-old
wood and can have anything between 8-20 buds
Trellises - ANSWERPermanent structures of stakes and wires that are used to
support any replacement canes and the vine's annual growth
Canopy management - ANSWERPosts are joined by horizontal wires, and then the
vine's canes and shoots are tied to the trellis
Density - ANSWERNo. of vines planted in a given area
Limited water availability - ANSWERLow planting density to allow each vine's roots to
take up water from a large volume of soil without having to compete with one another
Sufficient rainfall and low levels of nutrients - ANSWERVines planted at a high
density (if it can access enough water, it can survive in relatively low-nutrient soil)
High levels of nutrients and sufficient rainfall - ANSWERVery fertile soils are not
suitable for viticulture
Low density plantings using vines with multiple cordons or canes
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