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MCDB 1A UCSB midterm 1 Exam Study Guide Solutions Condensation reaction - ANSWER-(also called dehydration) results in the covalent bonds between between monomers. A molecule of water is released when each covalent bond is formed. Polymers form only if water molecules are removed and energy is a...

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  • October 30, 2024
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©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




MCDB 1A UCSB midterm 1 Exam Study

Guide Solutions


Condensation reaction - ANSWER✔✔-(also called dehydration) results in the covalent bonds between

between monomers. A molecule of water is released when each covalent bond is formed. Polymers form

only if water molecules are removed and energy is added to the system.


Hydrolysis - ANSWER✔✔-results in the breakdown of polymers into their component monomers. Water

reacts with the covalent bonds that link the polymer together. For each covalent bond that is broken, a

water molecule splits into two ions (H+ and OH-), which each become part of one of the products.

Releases energy.


Nucleic acids - ANSWER✔✔-polymers specialized for the storage, transmission, and use of genetic

information. Two types- DNA and RNA. grow in the 3'-5' direction


DNA - ANSWER✔✔-macromolecule that encodes hereditary information and passes it from one

generation to another. The information encoded is used to specify the amino acid sequences of proteins

and control the expression synthesis of other RNAs. Pentose sugar is deoxyribose. Carries genetic

information in its sequence of base pairs rather than its three-dimensional structure. Double stranded

helix, right-handed helix, antiparallel, and has major and minor grooves in which the outer edges of the

nitrogenous bases are exposed.
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RNA - ANSWER✔✔-single stranded.


Nucleotide - ANSWER✔✔-consists of a nitrogen containing base, a pentose sugar, and one to three

phosphate groups.


Phosphodiester linkage - ANSWER✔✔-bond between two nucleotides. Occurs between the phosphate

group and the 3'-carbon on the last sugar


DNA replication - ANSWER✔✔-exact reproduction of DNA. Done by polymerization using an existing

strand as a base-pairing template. Depends on base pairings of nucleic acids. Involves entire DNA

molecule.


Transcription - ANSWER✔✔-Copies DNA into RNA. Depends on base pairings of nucleic acids. Consists of

initiation, elongation, and termination


Translation - ANSWER✔✔-Uses the nucleotide sequence in the RNA to specify a sequence of amino acids

in a polypeptide chain.


Gene expression - ANSWER✔✔-overall process of transcription and translation.


Genome - ANSWER✔✔-complete set of DNA in a living organism


Genes - ANSWER✔✔-The sequences of DNA that are transcribed into RNA




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Frederick Griffith - ANSWER✔✔-demonstrated that some substance in cells can cause heritable changes

in other cells. Dead pneumonia cells continued to cause heritable change in other cells.


Oswald Avery - ANSWER✔✔-Identified the substance causing bacterial transformation. We now know

that the gene for the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of polysaccharide capsule, which makes the

bacterial colony look "smooth," was transferred into the R cells during transformation.


Hershey and Chase - ANSWER✔✔-discovered that DNA, not protein, enters bacterial cells and directs the

assembly of new viruses.


Chargraffs rule - ANSWER✔✔-In any DNA sample, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine,

and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. As a result, the total abundance of purines

(A+G) equals the total abundance of pyramidines (T+C)


Watson and Crick - ANSWER✔✔-proposed that the two strands in dna are antiparallel


Polynucleotide - ANSWER✔✔-phosphate group at 5' end and OH- group at 3' end. 5' end is paired with

the 3'end of another nucleotide


Semiconservative DNA replication - ANSWER✔✔-each parent strand serves as a template for a new

strand, and the two new DNA molecules have one old and one new strand. 2 steps- the double-helix is

unwound to separate the two template strands and make them available for new base pairing. As new

nucleotides form complementary base pairs with the template DNA, they are covalently linked together




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