100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
MICB 212 Midterm 2 review Study Guide Solutions $12.49
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Practice Tests 2024
  4.  
  5. Practice Tests 2024

Exam (elaborations)

MICB 212 Midterm 2 review Study Guide Solutions
 0 purchase
  • Course
  • Practice Tests 2024
  • Institution
  • Practice Tests 2024

MICB 212 Midterm 2 review Study Guide Solutions Cell-mediated immunity - ANSWER- mediated by direct cellular activities (ie. macrophage hyperactivation, CD8 cytotoxic T cells) Humoral immunity - ANSWER- includes antibodies and the cells/pathways they influence (phagocytosis, neutralization, co...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 37  pages

Document information

  • October 30, 2024
  • 37
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • micb 212 midterm 2 review study guide solutions

Written for

  • Practice Tests 2024
  • Practice Tests 2024

Seller

avatar-seller
Emillect

Reviews received

Content preview

©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




MICB 212 Midterm 2 review Study Guide

Solutions


Cell-mediated immunity - ANSWER✔✔- mediated by direct cellular activities (ie. macrophage

hyperactivation, CD8 cytotoxic T cells)


Humoral immunity - ANSWER✔✔- includes antibodies and the cells/pathways they influence

(phagocytosis, neutralization, complement)


- can be passive by transferring antibody containing serum to another individual


What is an extracellular bacterial infection? - ANSWER✔✔- infections where bacteria do not invade the

cells of the host


- antibodies would be most appropriate form of an adaptive immune response


Describe the innate immune response to an extracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔Innate

immune response:


- at site of tissue damage, resident mast cells release histamine


- complement proteins enter tissue and kill many types of bacteria via alternate pathway



Page 1/37

, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




- resident macrophages recognize PAMPs with their PRRs and phagocytose bacteria + produce alarm

cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6)


- resident macrophages also release substances to recruit neutrophiles and monocytes to site of

infection


Describe the role of dendritic cells in the response to an extracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔-

immature dendritic cells in the skin engulf bacteria, process is and display it on MHC class II proteins


- travel to lymph node to present the peptide fragments to a T helper cell


- activate CD4 T helper cells


- produce IL-12 + IL-18


Describe T helper cell effector functions during an extracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔-

produce IL-2 which supports clonal proliferation


- produce IFN-gamma in response to IL-12 and IL-18 which causes IgG class switch in activated B cells


Describe cytotoxic T cell effector functions during an extracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔N/a


Describe B cell (antibody) effector functions during an extracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔-

antibodies are carried through the blood to the site of infection




Page 2/37

, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




- antibodies are IgM at first, then class switch to IgG which can opsonize and form the membrane attack

complex (MAC)


What is an intracellular bacterial infection? - ANSWER✔✔- where intracellular bacteria invade and live

inside host cells (ie. macrophages)


- bacteria are able to shut down the innate immune responses and reproduce inside the host cell




- for bacteria that replicate inside macrophages, antibodies would not be useful -> cell-mediate immune

responses are needed (use T cells and macrophages to kill the pathogen)


Describe the innate immune response to an intracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔- at site of

tissue damage, resident mast cells release histamine


- complement proteins enter tissue and kill many types of bacteria via alternate pathway


- resident macrophages recognize PAMPs with their PRRs and phagocytose bacteria + produce alarm

cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6)


- resident macrophages also release substances to recruit neutrophiles and monocytes to site of

infection




Page 3/37

, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




*when macrophage engulfs the bacteria, the bacteria takes over the cell


- if the macrophage receives special instruction from a T helper cell, it would know that additional genes

are needed to transcribe toxic compounds to kill bacteria


Describe the role of dendritic cells in response to an intracellular bacterial infection - ANSWER✔✔-

immature dendritic cells phagocytose bacteria at site of infection


- travel to lymph node and present peptide on MHC class II proteins to activate T helper cells


- instructs T helper cells to travel to site of infected macrophage -> T helper cell secretes IFN-gamma at

site of infection


Describe how macrophages are super activated - ANSWER✔✔- can be super activated by 2 signals:


T helper cells secrete IFN-gamma and other cytokines (signal 1) and binding of CD40L on T cell and CD40

on macrophage (signal 2)


Consequences of super activating a macrophage - ANSWER✔✔- macrophages become more effective at

fusing lysosomes with phagosomes


- macrophages increase production of antimicrobial properties (ie. nitric oxide, oxygen radicals and

proteases) *sometimes these compounds leak out of the macrophage and damage the healthy cells and

tissues of the host


- lots of local inflammation

Page 4/37

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Emillect. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$12.49
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added