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MICB 212 virology section ch 1-4 Questions and Answer

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MICB 212 virology section ch 1-4 Questions and Answers Describe the ways in which viruses differ from normal cells ? - ANSWERthey have a relatively simple structure, their genetic information is encoded by either DNA or RNA, and they are dependent on a living cell in order to replicate themsel...

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MICB 212 virology section ch 1-4

Questions and Answers

Describe the ways in which viruses differ from normal cells ? - ANSWER✔✔they have a relatively simple

structure,

their genetic information is encoded by either DNA or RNA,

and they are dependent on a living cell in order to replicate themselves.

Describe the structure of a virus and how they infect host cell mechanism? - ANSWER✔✔Viruses exist in

either an extracellular or an intracellular form. The extracellular form of the virus is known as a virus

particle or virion. The extracellular form of the virus particle serves to transfer the viral genome from one

cell to another.

In order to replicate, the virus particle bind to a host cell and the genome (and any needed proteins)

must enter a cell. A cell that supports the virus replication cycle of a virus is called a host cell. When the

viral genome is introduced into a host cell and replicated, the process is called an infection.

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In the intracellular state, viruses exist primarily as replicating nucleic acids. They use the host cell to

provide energy, enzymes, metabolic components (e.g., amino acids), and structural machinery (e.g.,

ribosomes) to replicate the genome and synthesize the viral proteins that make up the virus coat. Once

the virus particles have been assembled they are eventually released from the host cell

What protective layers do viral genomes have? - ANSWER✔✔All viruses have their nucleic acid genome

covered by a protective capsid. The proteins of the capsid are encoded in the viral genome. The

individual protein subunit is called a capsomere; multiple copies of the capsomere proteins assemble to

form the capsid. The capsids can be described as being helical, icosahedral (sometimes referred to as

spherical) or complex in morphology. Some viruses also have an additional layer consisting of a lipid

bilayer (called the envelope) (see Figure 1.3). Some viruses also have enzymes needed for the replication

of their genomes packaged inside the capsid.

What are some of the functions of the protein coat that surrounds the genome of a naked virus particle?

- ANSWER✔✔A. Helical capsids

In helical capsids, the capsid protein has affinity for the viral genome and for other copies of the capsid

protein. It assembles by attaching to the virus genome as the genome is being synthesized. The length of

the helical capsid is as long as the genome itself.

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B. Icosahedral capsids

One way to construct a symmetrical capsid with maximal internal volume with non-symmetric protein

molecules is to arrange the protein molecules in identical equilateral triangular structures that can be

joined to form icosahedrons. Icosahedrons are structures formed by 20 equilateral triangles: 5 at the top,

5 at the bottom and 10 in the middle. Depending of the specific example, the triangular faces can be

made of single polypeptide or several polypeptide subunits (the subunits could be the same or different

polypeptides).

C. Complex capsids

Some viruses have capsid structures that cannot be placed in the helical or symmetrical categories.

Instead, they form complex capsid structures that may consist of multiple layers of proteins and other

structures.

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