MICB 212 - HIV (Chapter 10-12) Practice Questions and Answers

MICB 212 - HIV (Chapter 10-12) Practice Questions and Answers What subgroup of retroviruses are HIV classified under? - ANSWERLentiviruses - which have a long interval between initial infection and serious onset clinical symptoms HIV-1 - ANSWER- Evolved from SIV transmitted to humans from chimpanzees - primarily circulating North America HIV general characteristics - ANSWERDamage person's immune system by destroying CD4 T cells HIV-2 - ANSWER- Evolved from sooty mangabey SIV virus - Isolated from AIDS patients in Africa and is associated with opportunistic infection and AIDS Four main clades (groups) of HIV-1 (origins of each and most common?) - ANSWER- M, N, O, P - Differen transmission events of SIV to humans - HIV-1 group M viruses predominate are responsible for the majority of AIDS/HIV cases ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/10 Define Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER- Disease that is no hereditary but develop after from contact with HIV - Causes weakening of immune system - Final stage of HIV infection What is required for the diagnoses of AIDS? - ANSWER- Patient has one or more opportunistic infections (infection that takes advantage of damaged immune cells) - CD4 T Cell count is less than 200 per micro litre of blood HIV general structure - ANSWER- Enveloped virus - Genome is packaged in the cored of the viral particle - Two complete (+) RNA strands - Each strand has a 5' cap and 3' PolyA Tail Organization of HIV genome - ANSWER- Repeat sequence + primer binding site (PBS) - gag - pol - regulatory genes ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/10 - env - regulatory genes -Repeat sequence gag gene protein products - ANSWER- Protease - Matrix Protein (MA) - Nucleocapsid (NC) - Core protein (CA) pol gene protein products - ANSWER- Integrase (IN) - Reverse Transcriptase (RT) env gene protein products - ANSWER- gp120 (docking glycoprotein that attaches to gp41) - gp41 (transmembrane protein) HIV Genome Replication Cycle - ANSWER1) reverse transcription of RNA genome (done by RT) 2) Integration of replicated dsDNA (by integrate) into host cell genome 3) genome replicated by host cells DNA polymerase