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APEA-CARDIOVASCULAR- PATHO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT 2025
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APEA-CARDIOVASCULAR- PATHO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT 2025
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APEA-CARDIOVASCULAR- PATHO QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT 2025
A common cause of diastolic heart failure is:
myocarditis
myocardial infarction
dilated cardiomyopathy
hypertension - ANSWER Hypertension
long-term hypertension is a common cause of diastolic heart failure.
Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the filling of one or both ventricles is impaired
because the ventricle has become less compliant.
The heart must pump more forcefully in order to push blood into circulation
against increased vascular resistance.
Which type of angina results from coronary artery vasospasm and occurs in
atypical patterns?
Classic angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina
Pleuritic chest pain - ANSWER Prinzmetal's angina
Results from coronary artery vasospasm and occurs in an atypical pattern. It is
usually at a single site. It can occur in a normal or disease vessel. Pain is usually
resolved with angina medication.
Classic (stable angina) occurs when the heart is stressed, lasts less than 5 minutes,
and usually resolves with rest.
,Unstable angina is considered a medical emergency because it lasts longer than 5
minutes, does not follow the normal pain pattern, and may not resolve with rest
or angina medication. It is often associated or signals a MI.
A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with:
a high cardiac index
decreased vascular resistance
increased ventricular ejection fraction
mixed venous oxygen saturation - ANSWER mixed venous oxygen saturation
Patients will have a low cardiac index, elevated filling pressures of the left, right, or
both ventricles, and a decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation.
With each heart beat, blood within the left and right ventricle is ejected into the:
left atrium only
aorta and pulmonary artery
anterior descending artery
right coronary artery - ANSWER aorta and pulmonary artery
The primary cause of cardiogenic shock in a patient with an acute MI is:
failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately
failure of the aortic valve to pump blood adequately
regurgitation of the tricuspid valve
regurgitation of the mitral valve - ANSWER failure of the ventricle to pump
adequately
, Unstable angina is characterized by:
angina with prolonged activity
angina symptoms lasting >6 months.
increasing crescendo angina
angina with elevated cardiac markers - ANSWER increased crescendo angina
unstable angina is characterized by prolonged angina at rest (usually >20 minutes
at rest), and increasing crescendo angina (now more frequent & longer duration)
Which one of the following produces visible evidence of an underlying problem
with reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins - ANSWER varicose veins
Which one of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient who is
experiencing shock?
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension - ANSWER end-organ hyperperfusion
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