trepanation correct answers surgical procedure in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull
humoral theory correct answers belief that certain liquids in the body must be in balance
cholera correct answers disease that causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to dehyd...
BBH 101 Exam 1 (PSU) || A+ Guaranteed.
trepanation correct answers surgical procedure in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the
human skull
humoral theory correct answers belief that certain liquids in the body must be in balance
cholera correct answers disease that causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to
dehydration, shock, and death
Reductionism correct answers an approach to science based on the philosophy that we can
understand a more complex system by first understanding the individual components of that
system
John Snow correct answers studied patterns of cholera outbreak in London and identified a
public water pump as the source
Semmelweis correct answers discovered that childbed fever was caused by doctors not washing
their hands
Cell Theory correct answers organisms are made up of cells
Louis Pasteur correct answers examined porridge by leaving one container open and the other
sealed; the one unsealed grew mold
Edward Jenner correct answers developed the 1st vaccine from theory that cowpox prevents
smallpox; exposed a little boy to the vaccine then to smallpox and he did not get smallpox
Alexander Flemming correct answers discovered antibacterial effects of penicillin
Biomedical Model correct answers suggests that illness always has a biological cause
Biobehavioral Perspective correct answers recognizes biological, psychological, and
sociocultural focuses in determining an individual's health and vulnerability to disease
Framingham Heart Study correct answers used the biobehavioral perspective to study risk factors
of cardiovascular disease; helped us understand that smoking, cholesterol, blood pressure,
obesity, etc can cause it
Warren and Marshall correct answers used the biomedical model to prove that H. pylori is a
cause of peptic ulcers
Cognitive Bias correct answers patterns of judgement that cause us to make illogical inferences
Scientific Method correct answers observe, hypothesize, predict, test
, Theory correct answers a hypothesis that has been tested over and over again
sample correct answers portion of the population of interest being studied in an experiment
p-value correct answers tells us what the probability is of obtaining our result if there really is no
relationship between the variable we are interested in (<0.05 is generally accepted at a significant
finding)
Importance of Replication correct answers experiments must be replicated to avoid
experimenter's bias and confounds
Causality correct answers relationship between two events such that one is understood to be a
consequence of the other
Hypothesized relationship correct answers A causes B
Reverse Causation correct answers B causes A
Bidirectional correct answers A causes B and B causes A (affect each other)
Common Causal Variable correct answers C causes A and B
Coincidence correct answers relationship is caused by chance
Case Study correct answers clinical description of a single patient, usually describing an unusual
feature or association between disease and some expose factor
Case Series correct answers collection of case studies involving a group of patients with similar
characteristics
Cross-sectional Study correct answers takes a "point-in-time" picture of health, health behaviors,
and other exposure factors; there is no follow up, measures are only taken once
Case-Control Study correct answers People with the outcome and without the outcome are
selected and research is done to see how many people in each group have exposure to some
variable or interest (retrospective study)
Odds Ratio correct answers tells us how much more likely people with the exposure are to have
the outcome compared to people without the exposure
Cohort Studies correct answers people with a certain exposure and without the exposure are
selected, then followed for a specified period of time to see if they develop the outcome of
interest
Relative Risk (Risk Ratio) correct answers tells us how much higher the risk of the outcome is in
the exposed group compared to the unexposed group
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