In a study of community management of forest resources in Malawi the biggest underlying cause of deforestation as perceived by local communities was
a) High population growth rates
b) Land shortage and clearances of more forests for agriculture
c) Misinterpretation of democracy as disregard...
Final ISS 310 MSU ||Already Passed.
In a study of community management of forest resources in Malawi the biggest underlying cause
of deforestation as perceived by local communities was
a) High population growth rates
b) Land shortage and clearances of more forests for agriculture
c) Misinterpretation of democracy as disregard for authority of government and traditional
leaders and freedom to exploit resources as they wish
d) Poverty correct answers a) High population growth rates
Based on the Malawi case study, community-based natural resources management approaches
are universally the best solutions to deforestation problems
a) True
b) False correct answers True
Benefits or justification of CBNRM include all of the following, EXCEPT
a) It is a valid alternative to largely failed top-down and coercive conservation approaches by
governments
b) It has a very clear definition of what a community is
c) Because it is organized at the lowest possible administrative unit, it is more efficient and
relevant to the local people and can incorporate local indigenous knowledge
d) Because it is at 'community' level it is more inclusive and incorporates principles of equality
and social justice. correct answers b) It has a very clear definition of what a community is
The biggest cause of failure of community management in the study was related to power
relations: forest committees monopolizing decision-making and benefits from forest managed
and the expense of the majority.
a) True
b) False correct answers True
The study of those factors in the environment that affect human health is called
a) Human health studies
b) Environmental health science
c) Environmental toxicology
d) Ecological health studies correct answers b) Environmental health science
Which model for improving environmental health does the figure above represent?
a) Clinical intervention model
b) The primary healthcare model
c) Environmental stewardship model
, d) The inverse care law model
e) Public health model correct answers c) Environmental stewardship model
Which of the following turns a biotic region into an epidemiological region?
a) Shared climate, altitude, and latitudinal range
b) Whether they belong to one continent or not
c) Shared cultural practices
d) Similar types of vectored diseases and disease transmission systems correct answers a) Shared
climate, altitude, and latitudinal range
Malaria (the third largest killer disease in the world), yellow fever, dengue fever, encephelitis
and the West Nile Virus (WNV) are diseases vectored by mosquitoes. Unlike the other diseases,
what account(s) for continued transmission of WNV in temperate climates of the USA,
overcoming the break in the transmission cycle caused by the death of mosquitoes in winter?
a) WNV is a bird zoonosis, and the birds migrate out in winter and back in summer bringing the
disease back
b) Mutations in mosquitoes cause some to tolerate and survive winters
c) Some mosquitoes survive the winter in underground sewers
d) The disease can still be transmitted to humans without the mosquitoes
e) A and C only correct answers e) A and C only
The figure above shows the yellow fever transmission chain. What is the most significant
implication of such a chain for disease control policies? [Pick the best answer]
a) It Shows close disease/environment connection
b) Disease eradication as a goal is virtually impossible to achieve
c) Different species of mosquitoes transmit it
d) Transmission involves various sub-cycles in Africa and the New World correct answers a) It
Shows close disease/environment connection
All the following control methods depend on and illustrate a good understanding of vector
ecology for the disease, EXCEPT.
a) Removal of water vegetation
b) Use of malaria treatment or prevention pills
c) Habitat spraying
d) Draining stagnant water bodies
e) Using mosquito nets correct answers a) Removal of water vegetation
Silent zones of disease are areas where environmental factors of agent, vector and reservoir
overlap to cause disease systems while a __________________________ is particular instance
of this for geographically limited areas within which such environmental conditions maintain an
infection among wild animals and arthropod vectors disease:
a) Intermediate host
b) Natural nidus
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