What is the biosphere? correct answers TREES
-Consists of all life on Earth, including plants animals insects microorganisms and humans.
What is the lithosphere? correct answers SOIL *plays a critical role in both spheres*
-Is the outermost layer of the Earth including both soil and minerals.
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ISS 310-Quiz 4 || A Verified A+ Pass.
What is the biosphere? correct answers TREES
-Consists of all life on Earth, including plants animals insects microorganisms and humans.
What is the lithosphere? correct answers SOIL *plays a critical role in both spheres*
-Is the outermost layer of the Earth including both soil and minerals.
Trees, leaf types, and leaf fall correct answers Needleleaf Trees: Thin, needle-shaped leaves.
Waxy coating helps prevents loss of moisture. Suited for areas with high snowfall, because the
snow falls off instead of breaking branches.
Broadleaf Trees: Broad, flat leaves.
Deciduous Trees: Have both leaf-on and leaf-off portions of the year.
Evergreen Trees: Retain green leaves year round enabling photosynthesis to begin quickly in the
spring. The dark green leaves allow for maximum absorption of heat from the sun. These trees
are well adapted to a variety of growing conditions.
Coniferous Trees and Shrubs: Cone-bearing, typically needleleaf evergreens.
What is a forest? correct answers Forests are tracts of land covered by trees that grow close
enough together for their canopies to overlap and thus shade the ground.
Global forest biomes, locations and characteristics correct answers Boreal Forest: Found in the
high latitudes of the northern hemisphere across North America and Eurasia. Dominant tree
species include: needles conifers because they can survive the winter conditions.
Midlatitude Forest: Found in midlatitudes including eastern North America, and Asia, across
Europe, South America and Australia. In areas characterized by humid subtropical or continental
climate regimes. Pretty autumn leaves and winter dormancy.
Tropical Rainforests: Located in the equatorial and tropical region that circles the globe across
South America, Africa, Southeast Asia. Provides year-round growing conditions with warm
temperatures and rainfall.
With Three-layer stratification:
emergents
--widely spaced, extremely tall, between 130 and 200 feet) trees with enormous canopies; these
trees often have smaller leaves due to their exposure to drying winds,
canopy
--trees between 50 and 130 feet tall with a closed canopy that greatly reduces the amount of light
passing through, and
understory
--trees between 15 and 50 feet tall also with a closed canopy that allows very little light to pass
through to shrub or ground layer vegetation; little air circulates in this layer so it tends to have
high humidity.
, limiting factors and adaptations correct answers Limiting factors: The things which dictate the
presence or absence of the worlds forests. Including: climate, soil, topography, and disturbance.
*The general distribution of trees, and all plants, around the world is more significantly dictated
by the availability of water than any other limiting factor.
Tree metaphors correct answers *Author Michael Pollen
*Offers a unique perspective on the relationship that people have with trees.
Colonial Tree: Symbolic of progress and advancement (the triumph of man over nature).
Political Tree: Sign of ownership and property right. A decree, a statement of right and authority.
Romantic Tree: Preserved rather than planted, since its spiritual authority derives from its
independence of man.
Reasons forests are valuable correct answers Biodiversity: Forests are home to as many as 2/3 of
the species on Earth.
Carbon, water, oxygen: Home to the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir with 50%, recycle the
worlds oxygen and water.
Cultural values: Home to 60 million people, whom don't just live there but survive off them.
Closely linked to the natural and cultural heritage of many groups of people.
Economic Values: $400 billion to the world economy, employs 1 million US citizens.
Landscape value: The provide protection and help to anchor the soil in place.
The carbon cycle; what is it? what are the main pathways of movement? what are sinks? correct
answers -The pathways of carbon movement in the environment. Between land, atmosphere and
oceans.
-Photosynthesis: vegetation takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releases oxygen
back into the atmosphere
-Respiration: Opposite of photosynthesis.
-When organisms die organic matter is decomposed and carbon can move into the soil.
-In cooler environments decomp is slower so soils become huge stores of carbon.
*Major Carbon Sinks: living and dead organisms, fossil fuels, sedimentary rocks, soils, the
atmosphere, the ocean
The role of trees in the carbon cycle correct answers -Growth, death, and disturbance of forests
can all tip the carbon balance.
-Growing vegetation/photosynthesis
Photosynthesis; respiration correct answers -Photosynthesis: vegetation takes in carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere and releases oxygen back into the atmosphere
-Respiration: Opposite of photosynthesis.
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