KIN 310 exam 1 || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
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Course
KIN 310
Institution
KIN 310
explain the 2 ways energy expenditure is measured correct answers 1. direct calorimetry: measures the heat your body produces, uses calorimeter chamber
2. indirect calorimetry: measures the oxygen you us and breathe out (VO2 = VE x (FIO2 - FEO2)
explain what is involved with open-circuit spirom...
KIN 310 exam 1 || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
explain the 2 ways energy expenditure is measured correct answers 1. direct calorimetry:
measures the heat your body produces, uses calorimeter chamber
2. indirect calorimetry: measures the oxygen you us and breathe out (VO2 = VE x (FIO2 -
FEO2)
explain what is involved with open-circuit spirometry and when you would use it correct answers
- breathing in air from the room, breathing out through a different system
- metabolic cart
- computer
- mixing chamber: collects expired gas
- gas analyzers: measures O2 and CO2
- pneumotach: measures volume of air
- 2 way breathing mask
describe what oxygen consumption is, how it is expressed, and why it increases during exercise
correct answers - oxygen consumption is the body's need for oxygen to create energy (ATP)
- it is expressed as a VO2 value
- as exercise becomes more difficult, we need to recruit more muscle fibers, needing more ATP,
and therefore need more oxygen
why does our body need oxygen both at rest and during exercise? correct answers oxygen is
needed for basic cellular activities including muscle contractions
define what metabolism is and the types of reactions involved correct answers - metabolism:
total of all cellular reactions in the body, process of the body breaking down food to gain energy
- catabolic reactions: decompose, release energy, exergonic
- anabolic reactions: synthesize, consume energy, endergonic
identify what NAD+ and FAD are correct answers they are 2 important molecules that help carry
energy from food during metabolism so it can be used to make energy for your cells, they accept
electrons in the form of hydrogen
what are enzymes and what factors affect their activity? correct answers - enzyme: protein
molecule, catalyst that regulates rate of reaction, speeds up rate of reaction, lowers activation
energy
- temperature and pH: enzyme is not as effective outside of the optimal range
- concentration of enzyme: increase will increase reactions
- concentration of substrate: increase will increase reactions up until point of saturation
describe what foodstuff we can use to create energy correct answers carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins from food can be used to create energy for our bodies
what is glycogen, where is it stored, how is it made, and how is it broken down? correct answers
- glycogen: a type of carbohydrate that stores energy in the body
, - glycogen is stored mainly in the liver and the muscles
- glycogen is made from extra glucose
- glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down glycogen back into glucose when the body
needs energy
define what ATP is correct answers ATP is a molecule that acts as the main source of energy for
cells to carry out their activities
where is the energy stored in ATP? correct answers the energy in ATP is stored in the bonds
between it's phosphate groups, energy is released for the cell to use when this bond is broken
what is bioenergetics? correct answers bioenergetics: the process of converting foodstuff
(carbohydrates, fats, protein) into a biologically useable form of energy
what are the 3 metabolic pathways? correct answers 1. ATP-PC system
2. glycolysis
3. oxidative phosphorylation
explain how the ATP-PC system makes ATP correct answers - occurs in the sarcoplasm
- ADP + PC > ATP + C
- creatine kinase is the enzyme in the reaction
- simplest and quickest method of making ATP
- used at onset of exercise or high- intensity efforts
- PC reformation occurs after exercise during recovery
what does the evidence say about creatine supplementation? correct answers - improves short
duration performance
- increases dynamic muscle strength
- increases fat free mass
explain how glycolysis makes ATP- where in the cell does it take place? what happens during
the energy investment phase? what happens during the energy generation phase? what are the
starting and ending products? how many ATP do you net? correct answers - occurs in
sarcoplasm
- EIP: cell uses 2 ATP molecules to add phosphate groups to glucose from phosphofructokinase,
helps split it into 2 smaller molecules
- EGP: the 2 smaller molecules are broken down further to make the products
- starting products: glucose (or glycogen)
- ending products: 4 ATP, 2 NADH molecules, 2 pyruvate molecules
- net 2 ATP
describe the difference in glucose and glycogen as the starting substrate for glycolysis correct
answers - glucose: needs to be directly broken down using 2 ATP molecules
- glycogen: can skip one of the ATP steps, saving 1 ATP and making the process a little more
efficient
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