CALT EXAM 2025 | 63 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
coarticulation - ANSWER the ability to overlap several phonemes
anaphora - ANSWER pronouns or articles used to refer to something already
mentioned
appositive - ANSWER a noun or noun phrase placed after a noun to describe it
more fully
model involves two-way connection between context and meaning, and two way
connections between orthography and phonology - ANSWER Rumelhart and
Seidenberg's Connectionist Theory
meaning based and code-based strategies are taught together. First order skill are
enciphering and deciphering. Second order skills are comprehension/composition.
1st and 2nd order skills are taught together - ANSWER Farnham-Diggory Model
trade-off of sub processes. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant
on context than good readers. Skill of reading as a developing process -
ANSWER Stanovich's Interactive-Compensatory Model
1. Letters are connected with phonemes.
2. Units of letters are connected with parts of spoken speech.
, CALT
3. Printed word is connected to its meaning. Cipher Sight Reading (words are
recognized quickly through Cipher strategy) - ANSWER Ehri contributions
2. Dyslexics begin to fall behind in "Alphabetic Phase" - ANSWER Firth's
contributions
1. 1930 (John Dewey) whole word teaching
2. 1960-1970 Language-experience text
3. Chall (1983) direct phonics instruction more successful
4. Adams-importance of connections between meaning "processors" and letter-
sound "processors", effective phonics instruction must be linked with language
based reading instruction - ANSWER The Great Debate: Phonics vs. Whole
Language
1. The Logographic Phase
2. The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic)
3. The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic)
4. The Orthographic Phase - ANSWER Ehri's Four Phases of Reading Strategy
Development (Phases of Word Learning)
many argue this stage does not exist - ANSWER The Logographic Phase (Ehri)
Linnea Ehri-Rudimentary alphabetic phase
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