Exam (elaborations)
BIO 219 EXAM 2: Questions With Complete Answers
- Course
- Institution
BIO 219 EXAM 2: Questions With Complete Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
BIO 219 EXAM 2: Questions With Complete AnswersCell sends a signal to itself Right Ans - autocrine
Cell sends a signal to a nearby cell Right Ans - paracrine
Cell sends a signal through junctions Right Ans - juxtacrine
Cell sends signal that travels long distances (through bloodstream) Right
Ans - endocrine
What physiological responses generate as a result of cell signaling? Right
Ans - survival, grow+divide, differentiation, die
What two things does signaling require? Right Ans - signal and receiver
What things are signals to cells but not molecules? Right Ans - heat,
motion/force, light
Signals that are molecules Right Ans - ligands
How do ligands send a signal? Right Ans - bind to receptors which undergo
allosteric change
What are cell surface receptors? Right Ans - transmembrane proteins
Ligands are _________ to their receptors because of protein-protein interactions
(non covalent int) Right Ans - highly specific
What can happen to signals inside the cell? Right Ans - amplified, regulated,
and distributed
What is a 2nd messenger in signaling? Right Ans - it is the 1st to leave the
membrane
What is the 1st messenger in signaling? Right Ans - ligand binds to, in the
membrane
,Which nucleotide is used for allosteric changes in signaling pathways?
Right Ans - GTP
GTP binding activates G-proteins via __________? Right Ans - allostery
How is GTP made? Right Ans - made in complex processes similar to the
ETC
What is GEF? Right Ans - guanosine exchange factor, assists as GDP leaves
and GTP enters
How do G-protein coupled receptors work? Right Ans - together with an
intracellular G-protein to transmit the signal
How do you turn off the signal? Right Ans - lose ligand, GTP-> GDP,
decrease 2nd messenger
Which of these nucleotides chemically changes a molecule by adding or
removing phosphates? Right Ans - ATP
What is RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase)? Right Ans - kinases move
phosphate from ATP to a recipient molecule, can do hydrolysis but not
synthesis bc there is not enough energy, phosphorylate each other to transmit
the signal transautophosphorylation
Is GTP hydrolysis exergonic or endergonic? Right Ans - exergonic, like ATP
hydrolysis
What is GAP? Right Ans - GTPase activating protein
How is ATP important in cell signaling? Right Ans - ATP is a nucleotide, can
donate a phosphate group to "flip the switch" via changing the chemical
properties of the recipient molecule
What do phosphatases do? Right Ans - they can remove the phosphate
group to inactivate the molecule
ATP is only made by the ...... Right Ans - ETC
, What happens to the phosphate that is removed by phosphatase? Right Ans
- can be transferred to another molecule or exists inorganically (Pi), it can
NOT be added back to ADP
What are intermediates in cell signaling? Right Ans - ATP and GTP, they
connect cell signals to nucleic acid biology and metabolism
What are ion-channel coupled receptors? Right Ans - when ligand binds
receptors, conformational change allows ions to flow into cell (changes
membrane potential in the cell)
What is a G-protein coupled receptor? Right Ans - a cell-surface
transmembrane receptor that works with the help of a G protein
What is a receptor tyrosine kinase? Right Ans - ligand binding activates
tyrosine kinase activity by autophosphorylation, may also work with G-
proteins
Why do we need to read the genetic code? Right Ans - to make predictions
about what is in the genome and what kinds of products are possible
TRUE or FALSE: every cell in your personal organism has the same genome
(>99.999% identical) Right Ans - TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: the entire genome codes for protein products Right Ans -
FALSE, stop codons/regulatory info/introns spliced out
what is the molecule that is the "recipe" for protein production Right Ans -
DNA
What is the process of going from DNA -> RNA and making a copy in the same
language Right Ans - transcription
What is the process of going from RNA -> protein in a different language
Right Ans - translation
What are some exceptions to the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis? Right
Ans - -not all proteins are enzymes
-not all RNAs code for proteins
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Studyhall. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now