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BIO 115 EXAM 3 questions well answered to pass
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BIO 115 EXAM 3 questions well answered to pass
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BIO 115 EXAM 3 questions wellanswered to pass
Prokaryotes - correct answer ✔✔•Dominate life-form in the biosphere
•First organisms to live on Earth
•Adapted to a broad range of habitats
•Some adapted to extremely harsh conditions
•Most prokaryotes are unicellular, although some species aggregate in colonies
Describe the basic structure of prokaryotic cells. - correct answer ✔✔Prokaryotes are small
• Diameters in the range of 0.5-5 μm, compared to 10-100 μm for most eukaryotic cells.
• Bacterial cells in the human body outnumber human cells by a factor of 9 to 1
• The most common shapes are spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), and spirals
Nearly all prokaryotes have a cell wall external to the plasma membrane (peptidoglycan)
Many prokaryotes secrete another sticky protective layer of polysaccharide or protein (capsule)
Pili = "long hairs"
Fimbriae = "short hairs"
, Many prokaryotes are motile (move) - flagella ("tail"- how it moves).
A taxis is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus.
• Simpler than those of eukaryotes in both internal structure and genomic organization
• DNA in a ring (1 chromosome)
• Nucleoid
• Plasmid
Prokaryotic cells Reproduction - correct answer ✔✔Asexual: binary fission
Be able to discuss nutrition in prokaryotic cells. - correct answer ✔✔• Autotrophs
• Phototrophs (sunlight)
• Chemotrophs - hydrogen sulfide, ammonia
• Heterotrophs (Animals/Fungi)
metabolism in prokaryotic cells - correct answer ✔✔• Obligate aerobes - require O2 for cellular
respiration
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Obligate anaerobes - poisoned by O2
• Clostridium botulinum
• Facultative anaerobes - use O2 if it is present but can also grow by fermentation in an anaerobic
environment
• Escherichia coli
Why are prokaryotic cells able to evolve so rapidly? - correct answer ✔✔• Short generation time - rapid
population growth - large population size
• Mutation
• Genetic recombination
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