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Exam (elaborations)

SHS 310 Exam 4 || very Flawless.

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  • Course
  • SHS 310
  • Institution
  • SHS 310

Deglutition correct answers Placing food or liquid in oral cavity Moving it backward to pharynx Propelling it into esophagus Letting it travel down to stomach Eating and drinking correct answers Require coordination of many structures Coordination of lips, mandible, tongue, velum, pharynx, l...

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  • October 31, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • SHS 310
  • SHS 310
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SHS 310 Exam 4 || very Flawless.
Deglutition correct answers Placing food or liquid in oral cavity
Moving it backward to pharynx
Propelling it into esophagus
Letting it travel down to stomach

Eating and drinking correct answers Require coordination of many structures
Coordination of lips, mandible, tongue, velum, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, etc.

Esophagus correct answers 20 cm flexible tube
Upper esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeus muscle)
Lower esophageal sphincter

Pressures at rest correct answers Oral cavity is 0
Esophagus is about -5 cmH2O
Stomach is about 5 cmH2O
Esophageal sphincter is 40 to 80 cmH2O

Passive forces correct answers Natural recoil of tissues
Surface tension
Gravity
Aeromechanical factors

Active forces correct answers Contraction of muscles of respiration, larynx, pharynx and oral
cavity

Four phases of swallowing correct answers Oral preparatory
Oral transport
Pharyngeal transport
Esophageal transport

Oral preparatory phase for liquids correct answers Liquid placed in oral cavity
Mandible elevates, lips close
Anterior tongue forms cup for bolus
Back of tongue contacts velum
Velopharyngeal port is open

Oral preparatory phase for food correct answers Mastication
Mandible, teeth, lips, tongue, cheek grind and manipulate substance into bolus
Bolus positioned on anterior surface of tongue
Velum contacts tongue
VP port open
3 to 20 seconds

Oral transport phase correct answers Bolus moved back toward pharynx

, Tongue tip elevates and squeezes bolus
Lips, cheeks compress
Velum elevates and pharyngeal walls constrict
Less than 0.5 seconds

Pharyngeal transport phase correct answers Triggered when bolus passes anterior faucial pillars
Under automatic control
0.5 seconds
Velum elevates, pharyngeal walls constrict
Hyoid bone/larynx move upward and forward
Vocal folds close, epiglottis folds over
Tongue propels bolus into pharynx
Pharynx contracts
Bolus divides at pyriform sinuses
Cricopharyngeus relaxes

Esophageal transport phase correct answers Air pressure lowers below the bolus
Peristaltic action of esophagus propels bolus

Breathing and swallowing correct answers Reduce risk of aspiration by closing larynx for brief
period of time during swallow and by swallowing during expiration
Apneic interval lasts about 1 second

Neural control for swallowing correct answers Speech and swallowing are controlled by different
parts of the central nervous system
Speech and swallowing use the same peripheral nervous system (cranial nerves)

Central nervous system control for swallowing correct answers Medulla oblongata

CNS control for swallowing
Voluntary correct answers Cortex participates voluntary phases of swallowing
Primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, primary sensory cortex

CNS control for swallowing
Autonomic correct answers Subcortical structures also involved
Basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum

Peripheral innervation for swallowing correct answers Larynx
- V, VII, X, XI, XII
Velopharyngeal port
- V, VII, pharyngeal plexus (IX, X, and XI)
Articulators
- Jaw - V
- Lips, cheeks - VII
- Tongue - XII

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