Tuesday 21 May 2024 – Morning
A Level Ancient History
H407/13 Macedon and the Greek World
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Turn over
, 2
Section A: Relations between Greek states and between
Greek and non-Greek states, 492–404 BC
Answer Question 1 or Question 2 and answer Question 3.
Answer either Question 1 or Question 2.
1* ‘The emergence of Athens as a superior naval power significantly affected relations with other
states in the period 478–446 BC.’
To what extent do the sources support this view?
You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge
to support your answer. [30]
2* How important was the quality of the leadership of Athens and Sparta in the events of the period
446–404 BC?
You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge
to support your answer. [30]
Answer Question 3.
3 Read the interpretation below.
… Salamis was a decisive battle because it broke the Persian navy, but it did not drive the
Persians out of Greece. Salamis brought final victory nearly into the Greeks’ hands, but it
was not the last battle of the war.
Contrary to what Eurybiades had predicted at Andros in the autumn of 480 BC, the
Persians did not all leave Greece. A large enemy army remained on the Greek peninsula, 5
threatening Attica and the Peloponnese beyond, and aided and comforted by such famous
Greek states as Macedon and Thebes. In the end, only a wall of Spartan spears and a
sea of Spartan blood would drive them out. The result would bring glory to Sparta but not
to Eurybiades, for he was an admiral and not a general. And Athens would gain glory too,
for its spearmen stood in the front lines as well and fought hard, but none of that glory 10
would go to Themistocles.
B. Strauss, The Battle of Salamis
How convincing do you find B. Strauss’ interpretation of the importance of the battles of Salamis
and Plataea for the Greeks’ final victory in the war against Xerxes?
You must use your knowledge of the historical period and the ancient sources you have studied
to analyse and evaluate B. Strauss’ interpretation. [20]
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