fed vs. fasting state - Answers fed: GI tract sends glucose to blood stream where it goes to neural tissue,
liver (which does glycogenesis), muscle tissue (glycogenesis and glycolysis), gets stored in adipose tissue,
and signals pancreas to release insulin into blood stream
fasting: liver releases glucose in blood via glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis. glucose in blood goes to
neural tissue & muscle tissue. adipose tissue breaks down and sends free fatty acids in blood. muscle
takes up free fatty acids. pancreas secretes glucagon in blood
thyroid response system - Answers various signals (cold, stress) cause hypothalamus to produce TRH and
act on pituitary glands which causes TSH to signal thyroid gland to release T3 and T4 resulting in actions
on body organs, increased metabolism, growth and development, increased catecholamine effect. t3
and t4 send negative feedback to pituitary and hypothalamus
adrenal gland structure - Answers composed of: zona glomerulosa (aldosterone)=outermost portion.
zona fasciculata (cortisol)=middle portion. medulla=innermost which is surrounded by zona reticularis
(androgens)
RAAS loop - Answers when incoming BP in kidneys drops below certain level, the juxtaglomerular
apparatus secretes renin into blood. renin an enzyme causes angiotensinogen (a normal constituent of
blood) to be converted to form angiotensin 1. angiotensin 1 circulates to the lungs, where converting
enzymes in capillaries split the molecule forming angiotensin 2. angiotensin 2 circulates the adrenal
cortex where is stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. aldosterone causes increased reabsorption of
sodium which causes increased water retention. as water is retained, the volume of blood increases. the
increased volume of blood creates higher blood pressure, which then causes the renin secretion to stop
hypothyroidism - Answers Congenital or Acquired
Hashimoto thyroiditis (most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism)
Iodine deficiency
Most cases due to intrinsic (primary) thyroid gland dysfunction
tx:Synthroid
Synthetic thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism - Answers Graves Disease
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TutorJosh. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
