10/31/24, 4:10 PM CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 112 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DET…
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERS... Study
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 112
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Terms in this set (112)
What Ventricle has more The left ventricle
muscle?
Preload is the amount of blood within the ventricles
What is Preload?
before contraction
As larger volumes of blood flow into the ventricles,
the blood will stretch the walls of the heart. causing a
Describe Starlings Law greater expansion during diastole. This in turn
increases the force of the contraction/ the quantity of
blood pumped.
What is the normal SA node, Internodal pathways, AV node, Bundle of
electrical pathway through HIS, Bundle branches, Purkinje fibres
the heart?
What is the intrinsic rate of SA Node - 60 - 100 , AV Node - 40 - 60 , Purkinji 15 -
the SA node, AV Node, 40 bpm.
Purkinje network?
What is Inotropy referring The force of contraction of heart muscles
to?
What is Chronotropy The Heart Rate
referring to?
How long does 1 small 0.04 seconds
box of ECG paper
represent?
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,10/31/24, 4:10 PM CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 112 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DET…
What is the Standard 25mm/second
CARDIOLOGY
Speed that ECG paperBOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERS...
movement?
What type of ECG rhythm Supra ventricular tachycardia
is a vagal manoeuvre used
for?
What is the difference Infraction is actual cell death. Ischemia is referring to
between myocardial the lack of O2.
infarction and ischema?
What does a pathological Old infarction
Q wave represent on an
ECG?
How does nitroglycerin Nitro dilates the cardiac vessels, allowing more blood
help patient who are and oxygen to move through.
having an angina attack?
What type of drug is ASA? Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory
What is Cor Pulmonale? Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Due to Pulmonary hypertension which in turn puts
How does Cor Pulmonale
pressure on the right ventricle. This forces muscle
develop?
growth and hypertrophy.
If the MI is in the Left ventricle, this damages the
How does pulmonary
hearts ability to pump. Putting pressure on pulmonary
edema occur during an
circulation. This pressure allows fluid to leak into
MI?
alveoli and create pulmonary edema.
Fluid Builds up in the pericardium, once fluid puts too
What happens in a
much pressure on the heart, the heart can no longer
Cardiac Tamponade?
pump effectively.
Is a clinical condition characterized by a sustained
and significant reduction in blood flow and oxygen
what is Shock delivery to organs and tissues; condition which tissue
oxygenation (either cellular ventilation or nutrition) is
inadequate for demand
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,10/31/24, 4:10 PM CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 112 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DET…
15-25% of fluid loss
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM
Subtle signs EXAM 2 LATEST VERS...
Compensation by NS
Adrenaline rush: ↑HR/RR
Body cells starve 02:
compensated shock
- Anxious
assessment findings
- Pale skin
Thirsty
Weak
Decreased urinary output
↑HR, weak and thread
Baroreceptors sense a drop in pressure in the arteries
Medulla is stimulated Sympathetic NS Response -
Clammy, pale skin - ↑HR + ↑RR Less O2 to cells as a
result of red blood cell loss by loss of fluids Pre-
Pathology of capillary sphincter closes in periphery (blood shunted
compensated shock to the core) Next wave of compensated shock
Sympathetic NS Response continues (adrenal
hormones released) Chemoreceptors sense changes
in CO2, and O2 concentrations Medulla stimulated
again: - ↑RR ↑HR
25 to 35% of fluid loss
The body cells are hypoxic
Sympathetic NS can't maintain perfusion
De-compensated shock
Classic signs of shock
assessment findings
↓BP, ↑↑RR, ↑↑HR, weak
Very pale, Cold, Diaphoretic skin
Confused, obvious altered mental status
Continuation of the compensated feed back loop plus
↓blood flow and O2 impact more of the body: -
Decompensated
Tissues in the core become hypoxic - More shifts to
Pathophysiology
anaerobic metabolism
Organ function slows
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, 10/31/24, 4:10 PM CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 112 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DET…
>35% of fluid loss
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS
LowABIM EXAM
blood volume, 2 LATEST
↓ cardiac preloadVERS...
- ↓cardiac output
Irreversible shock
- Loss of peripheral pulses
assessment findings
- ↓BP
Body cells die
Vital signs bottom out
The medulla stops working Sympathetic nervous
system stimulation ceases
Irrefeversible shock Heart function drops Drop in heart rate and
pathophysiology contractility
Vessels dilate No more energy to constrict
Tissue and organ dysfunction Patient death
Cyanosis May occur with any form of HF and may be
central or peripheral.
LVF tachycardia, fatigue on exertion, dyspnea with
mild exercise, and intolerance to cold. Paroxysmal
Chronic Heart Failure s/s nocturnal dyspnea and nocturnal cough when supine.
Bronchospasm and wheezing may present. Pink or
brownish sputum. Frank hemoptysis may occur.
Inspiratory basilar crackles and a right-sided pleural
effusion are common.
Acute Pulmonary Edema is usually secondary to LVF
and will present with the following:
Dyspnea, deep cyanosis, tachypnea, coarse crackles
throughout, restlessness, anxiety, sense of suffocation,
pallor,
Acute Cardiogenic
diaphoresis. The pulse may be thready with
Pulmonary Edema s/s
accompanying hypotension.
RVF Fatigue, feeling of fullness in the neck, abdomen
with occasional tenderness in the RUQ (liver), ankle
swelling, abdominal swelling due to ascites, JVD and
pitting edema to dependent parts of the body.
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