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Exam (elaborations)

NURS 807 Exam 1 Questions And Answers (A+ Graded)

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NURS 807 Exam 1 Questions And Answers (A+ Graded)...

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  • October 31, 2024
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Chrisyuis
NURS 807 Exam 1 Questions And Answers (A+
Graded)


Pathology-definition: study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and
organs of the body that cause or are caused by disease



Physiology-definition: study of the functions of the human body



Pathophysiology-definition: cellular and organ changes that occur with disease and the
effects on function



etiology-definition: the cause of something



what is the initiation of most diseases - Answer cellular injury



physical forces that cause injury - Answer mechanical forces ex) ankle sprain

extremes of temperature ex) necrosis

electrical forces ex) cardiac (internal) external -> electricity



radiation injury - Answer ionizing radiation : chernobyl, nuclear, kind when have cancer

non-ionizing radiation : microwaves, radiowaves, cellular

ultraviolet radiation : sunscreen



UV B vs UV A - Answer UV A -> most damage and cause tan

UV B -> gets through skin and cause changes

,hypoxia - Answer lack of adequate oxygen to the cells



mechanisms of cellular injury - Answer free radicals : cause direct cellular injury

hypoxic cell injury : not enough oxygen

impaired calcium homeostasis : tumor -> center could be Ca

disruption of the cellular membranes : reversible injury

irreversible injury

apoptosis

programmed cell death

necrosis



reversible injury - Answer body that can heal itself



irreparable injury - Answer program cell death, necrosis, apoptosis



idiopathic - Answer unknown etiology (cause)



iatrogenic - Answer disease arose as a result of prescribed treatment

common in pharmacology (risk versus benefit)



nosocomial / healthcare associated - Answer acquired from a healthcare setting ex)
MRSA, C-diff



risk factors: genetic predisposition and environmental triggers - Answer factors that
predispose an individual to a particular disease

majority of diseases are multifactorial in origin



risk factors-congenital Answer present at birth

,acquired conditions risk factors-Answer injury

exposure to infectious agents ex) covid

inadequate nutrition ex) vitamins and minerals to support system

lack of oxygen ex) child with asthma -> life expectancy less

inappropriate immune response ex) celiac, lactose intolerant

neoplasia ex) cancer, history of cancer, multifactorial, treatment could lead to
secondary cancer

general risk factors-Answer extremes of age

gender

genetic disposition

stress

lifestyle and personal habits

occupation pre-existing illness

environmental exposure



pathogenesis-Answer origin or development of the disease/ why a disease starts

sequence of events leading to the expression of disease



structural abnormalities in pathogenesis-Answer exogenous: external, outside of body

endogenous: internal, ex) appendix



functional abnormalities in pathogenesis-Answer no identifiable cellular change that
results in tissue abnormalities ex) appendix is functional issue



manifestation-Answer to present or show itself



signs and symptoms- Answer signs: objective findings collected during an examination

symptoms: subjective findings collected during the H&P

, diagnosis and classification types- Answer acute

disease of sudden onset which runs a severe but short course

subacute

intermediate nature: related to acute

chronic

a long term or recurring illness: asthma, diabetes type I

acute-on-chronic

unexpected acute exacerbation or episode of a chronic condition ex) COPD patient with
a new pneumonia



why isnt diabetes type II considered chronic - Answer can change lifestyle to make it go
away



examples of signs - Answer vitals: HR, temp, BP, a number of some kind with a unit
attached

pain scale : objective # to something subjective



examples of symptoms - Answer sore throat, headache, nausea



preventative care - Answer health promotion

developmental and maturational issues

normal childbearing

hygiene

nutrition

exercise

mental health

spiritual health

illness prevention

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