Advanced Pathophysiology - NERVOUS system Exam Bank Solution Manual Already Passed
Primary excitatory transmitter of the brain - Answers Glutamate
Glutamate is mediated by what receptors - Answers inotropic and metabotropic receptors
What Neurotrasmitter is responsible for excitotoxic neuron death - Answers glutamate
In states of hypoxia or ischemia, can lead to ______ where cells "panic" and die - Answers Excitotoxic
Neuron Death
neurotransmitters found in forebrain - Answers glutamate & acetylcholine
Drugs that block D2 receptors and decrease dopamine - Answers antipsychotics
Norephinephrine neurons that control arousal and stress responses are found where - Answers locus
ceruleus
VT dopamine neurons are found where - Answers nucleus accumbens
dopamine in nigrostriatal pathway is involved in - Answers motor control
absence of dopamine in nigrostriatal pathway is seen in what disease - Answers parkinsons
dopamine in the VT area to the nucleus accumbens pathway is involved in - Answers pleasure, reward,
addiction
dopamine in the hypothalamic projection to the pituitary stalk inhibits what secretion - Answers
prolactin
what NT inhibits aggression - Answers serotonin
what NT is converted to melatonin in the pineal gland - Answers serotonin
what receptor type mediates dopamine - Answers Metatropic
located in basal forebrain to control sleep/wake - Answers glutamate and acetylcholine
primary inhibitory NT in brain - Answers GABA
GABA - a is what type of NT - Answers ionotropic
Antiseizure medications will increase the production of _________ and therfore counter glutamate with
inhibition neurons - Answers GABA-a (gaba-a is inhibitory to gaba so by increasing production, more
inhibition is provided so we decrease the excitatory function in seizures)
smooth muscle control is usually the result of what two NT's working together - Answers dopamine and
acetylcholine
, too much acetylcholine with not enough dopamine can cause what - Answers decreased motor
function / parkinsons sx
epilepsy can be caused by mutations effecting what receptors - Answers GABA-a (effectivness of gaba
inhibition is disrupted so excitablity causes seizures)
primary NT of parasympathetic nervous sytem - Answers acetylcholine
what type of receptors are associated with acetylcholine - Answers metetropic and ionotropic
what receptor type mediates norepinephrine - Answers metatrophic
controls arousal and stress in the locus ceruleus - Answers norepinephrine
supression of NE causes - Answers sedation
What receptors mediate serotonin - Answers metatropic for all serotonin except 5-HT3
what receptor mediates histamine - Answers metatropic
peptide that is responsible for pain, pleasure, sedation, gut motility - Answers opioid peptide
peptide responsible for attachment/bonding - Answers oxytocin
peptide responsible for stress, anxiety, fear - Answers corticotropin
peptide responsible for affiliate behavior (friends etc.) - Answers vasopressin
One function of this NT is to send pain signals from periphery to spinal cord spinothalamic tract neurons
(AKA nociceptive sensory neurons) - Answers glutamate
what NT promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and other protective emotional
responses - Answers norepinephrine
NT responsible for alertness and responsiveness - Answers norepinephrine
NT that is known for descending modulation of spinal pain transmission to reduce spinal pain - Answers
norepinephrine
excruciating pain response to stimuli that would normally be mildly painful - Answers hyperalgesia
normally non-painful stimulus is perceived as painful - Answers allodynia
both have peripheral and central aspects of sensitization to pain transmission - Answers hyperalgesia
and allodynia
NT of primary nociceptors that activates second order neurons - Answers substance P
Primary excitatory transmitter of the brain - Answers Glutamate
Glutamate is mediated by what receptors - Answers inotropic and metabotropic receptors
What Neurotrasmitter is responsible for excitotoxic neuron death - Answers glutamate
In states of hypoxia or ischemia, can lead to ______ where cells "panic" and die - Answers Excitotoxic
Neuron Death
neurotransmitters found in forebrain - Answers glutamate & acetylcholine
Drugs that block D2 receptors and decrease dopamine - Answers antipsychotics
Norephinephrine neurons that control arousal and stress responses are found where - Answers locus
ceruleus
VT dopamine neurons are found where - Answers nucleus accumbens
dopamine in nigrostriatal pathway is involved in - Answers motor control
absence of dopamine in nigrostriatal pathway is seen in what disease - Answers parkinsons
dopamine in the VT area to the nucleus accumbens pathway is involved in - Answers pleasure, reward,
addiction
dopamine in the hypothalamic projection to the pituitary stalk inhibits what secretion - Answers
prolactin
what NT inhibits aggression - Answers serotonin
what NT is converted to melatonin in the pineal gland - Answers serotonin
what receptor type mediates dopamine - Answers Metatropic
located in basal forebrain to control sleep/wake - Answers glutamate and acetylcholine
primary inhibitory NT in brain - Answers GABA
GABA - a is what type of NT - Answers ionotropic
Antiseizure medications will increase the production of _________ and therfore counter glutamate with
inhibition neurons - Answers GABA-a (gaba-a is inhibitory to gaba so by increasing production, more
inhibition is provided so we decrease the excitatory function in seizures)
smooth muscle control is usually the result of what two NT's working together - Answers dopamine and
acetylcholine
, too much acetylcholine with not enough dopamine can cause what - Answers decreased motor
function / parkinsons sx
epilepsy can be caused by mutations effecting what receptors - Answers GABA-a (effectivness of gaba
inhibition is disrupted so excitablity causes seizures)
primary NT of parasympathetic nervous sytem - Answers acetylcholine
what type of receptors are associated with acetylcholine - Answers metetropic and ionotropic
what receptor type mediates norepinephrine - Answers metatrophic
controls arousal and stress in the locus ceruleus - Answers norepinephrine
supression of NE causes - Answers sedation
What receptors mediate serotonin - Answers metatropic for all serotonin except 5-HT3
what receptor mediates histamine - Answers metatropic
peptide that is responsible for pain, pleasure, sedation, gut motility - Answers opioid peptide
peptide responsible for attachment/bonding - Answers oxytocin
peptide responsible for stress, anxiety, fear - Answers corticotropin
peptide responsible for affiliate behavior (friends etc.) - Answers vasopressin
One function of this NT is to send pain signals from periphery to spinal cord spinothalamic tract neurons
(AKA nociceptive sensory neurons) - Answers glutamate
what NT promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and other protective emotional
responses - Answers norepinephrine
NT responsible for alertness and responsiveness - Answers norepinephrine
NT that is known for descending modulation of spinal pain transmission to reduce spinal pain - Answers
norepinephrine
excruciating pain response to stimuli that would normally be mildly painful - Answers hyperalgesia
normally non-painful stimulus is perceived as painful - Answers allodynia
both have peripheral and central aspects of sensitization to pain transmission - Answers hyperalgesia
and allodynia
NT of primary nociceptors that activates second order neurons - Answers substance P
