Summary including practice quizzes - Developmental Psychology (560028-B-6)
0 view 0 purchase
Course
Developmental Psychology (560028B6)
Institution
Tilburg University (UVT)
This summary includes all notes from the lectures with some images from the lecture slides as well. I also included practice quizzes and answers. Good luck studying! :)
Session 1
Introduction, methods, lifespan development
Defining Development
1. Physical development
2. Cognitive development
3. Psychosocial development
Narrow Conception of Development
● Sequential → based on several stages
● Unidirectional → earlier changes are prerequisite for later ones
● End state → higher value than the original state
● Irreversible → in progression
● Qualitative → structural transformations
● Biological growth → independent of culture
● Universal → the same for all humans
Extended Conception of Development
● Not necessarily based on stages
● Qualitative as well as quantitative
● Affected by culture and biology
Life Span:
,Cultural Differences:
● Social clock: a sense of when things should be done and when he or she is ahead of /
behind the schedule dictated by age norms
Nature vs Nurture:
The Modern Life-Span Perspective:
● Gerontology: the study of aging and old age
● Paul Baltes → 7 key assumptions of the life-span perspective
○ 1: Development is a lifelong process
○ 2: Development is multidirectional
○ 3: Development involves both gain and loss
○ 4: Development is characterized by lifelong plasticity
○ 5: Development is shaped by its historical-cultural context
○ 6: Development is multiply influenced
○ 7: Development must be studied by multiple disciplines
Developmental Research Designs
● Cross-sectional designs: the performances of people of different age groups, or
cohorts, are compared. A cohort is a group of individuals born at the same time, either
in the same year or within a specified span of years (for example, a generation is a
cohort).
● Longitudinal designs: one cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time.
● Sequential design: combines the cross-sectional approach and the longitudinal
approach in a single study
, Session 2
Theories of Developmental Psychology
Important Debates in Developmental Psychology
Nature - nurture interaction → Critical / sensitive period
● Critical period: a maturational period in which the nervous system is especially
sensitive to certain environmental stimuli
○ If the organism does not receive the appropriate stimuli at the right time, it is
impossible to develop certain associated functions later in life
● Sensitive period: a maturational period in which specific experiences have maximal
positive or negative effects → periods of increased plasticity under the influence of
specific condition factors
○ Examples: binocular vision, language development, hearing, social
development
Gene-environment interaction
→ people with different genes
are affected differently by
environmental influences
, Gene-environment correlations
● Nature affects nurture
● Passive genotype-environment fit: Association between the inherited genotype of a
child and environment in which the child is raised
● Evocative genotype-environment fit: Association between genetically programmed
behavior and others’ reaction to that behavior → inborn characteristics evoke certain
responses from the environment
● Active genotype-environment fit: Association between an individual’s genetic
tendencies and the environmental niches that they actively select
● These types of genotype-environment fit changes across the lifespan
Epigenetics
● Nurture affects nature
● Environment-sensitive genes: gene expression can be changed by environmental
influences across the lifespan
Important Theories in Developmental Psychology
● Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory
○ Personality develops throughout the lifespan
○ Personality development is influenced by culture, society, and history
○ Development of personality can be divided into 8 stages
○ At each stage the individual must cope with a crisis/conflict in either an
adaptive or a maladaptive manner
■ If one stage was dealt with in a maladaptive manner, the following
stages could not be adequately attended, resulting in a maladapted
individual
■ Successful solution of the conflict leads to virtues
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller avavanreisen. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.