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NUR 215 FUNDAMENTALS TEST 5 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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NUR 215 FUNDAMENTALS TEST 5 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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NUR 215 FUNDAMENTALS TEST 5 EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Coping - Answer--Describes how an individual deals w/ problems/issues
-Factors influencing an individuals ability to cope include the number, duration, and
intensity of stressors, the individuals past experiences, current support system, and
available resources (financial)
-Coping strats are unique to an individual and can vary greatly w/ each stressor
-Caregiver burden results from the accumulated stress that family members experience
after caring for a loved one over a period of time; some responses include fatigue,
difficulty sleeping, and illness
-Ego defense mechanisms assist a person during a stressful situation/crisis by
regulating emotional distress
Adaptation - Answer--Coping behavior that describes how an individual handles
demands imposed by the environment
General Adaptation Syndrome GAS - Answer--Stress syndrome by Hans Selye which
describes stress reaction in three stages
-Alarm reactions: Body functions are heightened to respond to stressors; hormones are
released, which causes elevated BP and HR, heightened mental alertness, increased
secretion of epinephrine/norepinephrine and increased blood flow to muscles
-Resistance stage: Body functions normalize while responding to the stressor, it
attempts to cope w/ the stressor and return to homeostasis; stabilization of BP, HR and
hormones will occur
-Exhaustion Stage: Body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the
stressor and the client cannot adapt; the end of this stage results in recovery/death
Adherence - Answer--Commitment/ability of the client/family to follow given treatment
regimens
-Commitment to the regimen increases adherence
-Complicated regimen interferes w/ adherence
-Involvement of the client/significant support people in the planning stage increases
adherence
-Adverse effects of meds diminished adherence
-Coping mechanisms, such as denial can cause non adherence
-Available resources increases adherence
Assessment/Data collection Coping - Answer-Ask the clients questions related to:
-Current stress, perception of stressors and ability to cope
-Support systems
-Adherence to healthy behaviors and/or the treatment regimen
-Sleep patterns
-Altered elimination patterns, changes in appetite and weight loss/gain
,Observe the clients appearance and eye contact, verbal motor and cognitive status
during assessment
Measure vital signs
Observe for irritability, anxiety and tension
Thoroughly assess each client to ensure client centered clinical decisions required for
safe nursing care
Stress nursing care - Answer--Encourage health promotion strats, including regular
exercise, optimal nutrition and adequate sleep/rest
-Assist w/ time management and determine priority tasks
-Encourage appropriate relaxation techniques including breathing exercises, massage,
imagery, yoga and meditation
-Listen attentively and take the time to understand the clients perspective
-Control the environment to reduce the number of external stressors, including noise
and breaks in the continuity of care
-Identify available support systems
-Use effective communication techniques to foster expression of feelings
Coping nursing care - Answer--Be empathetic in communication, and encourage the
client to verbalize feelings
-Identify the client/family's strength and abilities
-Encourage the client's autonomy w/ decision making
-Discuss the client's/family's abilities to deal w/ the current situation
-Encourage the client to describe c oping skills used effectively in the past
-Identify available community resources, and refer the client for counseling if needed
Adherence nursing care - Answer--Put instructions in writing
-Allow the client to give input into the treatment regimen
-Simplify treatment regimens as much as possible
-Follow up w/ the client to address any questions/problems
Family systems/family dynamics - Answer--Family is defined by the client, and it
consists of the individual structures and roles, it is typically two+ people whose
relationships create a bond and influence their mutual development, support, goals and
resources
-COnsider five realms of processess involved in family function during a family
assessment: INTERACTIVE, DEVELOPMENTAL, COPING, INTEGRITY AND HEALTH
-Assessment of a family can focus on family as a context, client or a system
-Families and clients are not mutually exclusive, family centered care creates a holistic
approach to nursing care
-Family dynamics are constantly evolving and due to the processes of family life and
developmental stages of family members
Current trends - Answer-Fastest growing population: Those older than 65 years; leading
to caregiver issues
Declining economic status of families: increased unemployment
, Family violence: endless cycle
Any acute/chronic illness that disrupts the family unit: Can include end of life care issues
Homelessness: Lack of stable environment, financial issues, inadequate access to
health care and it is increasing due to a lack of affordable housing
Attributes of families - Answer-Structure dictates the families ability to cope:
-Rigid structure is dictatorial and strict
-Open structure includes a few/no boundaries, consistent behavior, or consequences
-Either structure can provide positive/negative outcomes
Function describes the course of action the family uses to reach its goals, including
members communication skills, problem solving abilities and available resources
Assessment/Data collection for family structure/dynamics - Answer--Assess all clients
w/in the context of the family
-Assess a family by looking at its structure/function
-Identify who is a family member, what role each family member plays and the dynamic
interactions w/in the family
-Listen attentively and use the therapeutic communication techniques of reflection and
restatement to clarify the families concerns
-Cultural variables: all of which can differ b/w and w/in generations (perception of
events, rites/rituals, and health beliefs)
Family nursing care - Answer-Identify/adapt family strengths to perceived stressors:
-Communication
-Adaptability
-Nurturing
-Crisis as a growth element
-Parenting skills
-Resiliency
Set realistic goals w/ family
Provide information about support networks and community resources (child/adult day
care and caregiver support groups)
Promote family unity
Ensure safety for families at risk for violence
Encourage conflict resolution
Minimize family process disruption effects
Remove barriers to health promotion
Increase family members abilities to participate
Perform interventions that the family cannot perform
Evaluate goals w/in the context of the family by checking back to ensure that goals were
realistic/achievable
Situational role changes - Answer-A role is the function a person adopts w/in their life;
seldom is it limited to one role, but rather to multidemensional and is often relative to the
role of others:
-Grandparent
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