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MCPHS (Medsurg) Exam 1 – Questions With Solutions
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MCPHS (Medsurg) Exam 1 – Questions With Solutions
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MCPHS (Medsurg) Exam 1 – Questions With SolutionsLabs/ S/S of hypovolemia (dehydration) Right Ans - high BUN, creatinine,
H&H
high NA, K, Ca, Mg
high glucose
urine specific gravity >1.030
Hypovolemia (dehydration) assessment findings: Right Ans - mental status
changes
high temp, high rr, high hr, low bp
poor PO intake, high salt intake, fluid loss
poor skin turgor
dry mucous membranes
dark, concentrated urine with strong odor
weak peripheral pulses
high laxative use
MONITOR WEIGHT
Treatments for hypovolemia (dehydration): Right Ans - fluids orally or IV
route
Medications to treat hypovolemia diarrhea: Right Ans - anti-diarrheal
Medications to treat hypovolemia bacterial diarrhea: Right Ans -
antimicrobials
Medications to treat hypovolemia fever: Right Ans - anti-pyretic
Medications to treat hypovolemia vomiting: Right Ans - anti-nausea
Fluid overload assessment findings: Right Ans - edema, pitting edema
high HR, high RR, high BP
weight gain
crackles in lungs
skin is pale, cool to touch
mental status changes
distended neck & hand veins: engorged veins
Headache visual disturbances, skeletal muscle weakness, paresthesia
, increased GI motility
enlarged liver
Treatment for fluid overload: Right Ans - restore normal fluid balance
diuretics at times
What influences electrolyte balance? Right Ans - normal cell function
diet
acid base balance
hormone secretion
Responsibilities of sodium: Right Ans - regulate fluid CF & ECF
activates nerve and muscle cells
sodium-potassium pump
Regulation of sodium: Right Ans - ADH, aldosterone
what are dietary sources high in sodium? Right Ans - canned products,
cheese, condiments, processed meats, table salts, seasonings, snack foods,
seafood, pickled foods, frozen prepared foods
hyponatremia (low sodium) contributing causes: Right Ans -
prolonged/overuse of diuretics, dietary intake of sodium, impaired kidney
function, insensible fluid loss, pituitary adenoma, hypotonic IV solutions
hyponatremia clinical manifestations: Right Ans - SEIZURES, fatigue,
headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting
treatment for hyponatremia: Right Ans - IV fluids, hypertonic fluids (only if
significantly low sodium level), isotonic repletion
MEDS: NaCl tabs, diuretics
possible fluid restrictions
nursing interventions of hyponatremia: Right Ans - monitory vitals, labs,
neuro function, weights.
assess fluid status, question hypotonic solutions
hypernatremia contributing causes: Right Ans - water intake, fluid loss,
increased sodium intake, kidney failure, medications
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