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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1: Questions With Accurate Solutions
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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1: Questions With Accurate Solutions
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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1: Questions WithAccurate Solutions
Anatomy Right Ans - study of structure; means to dissect
Physiology Right Ans - study of function
Importance of studying A&P Right Ans - basis for understanding disease
and for how the body works/reacts to stiumulus
systemic anatomy Right Ans - study of body systems
regional anatomy Right Ans - study of body regions (how med schools do
it)
surface anatomy Right Ans - study of external features (ex: bone
projections)
anatomical imaging Right Ans - uses x-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs, CAT scans
Structural Level: chemical Right Ans - smallest level
ex) atoms: smallest level that displays properties
Structural level; cell Right Ans - basic unit of life
ex) organelles w/ specialized functions for the cell
Structural level: tissue Right Ans - group of cells with similar structure and
function plus extracellular substance
ex) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Structural level: organ Right Ans - 2 or more tissue types
ex) skin, heart, stomach, etc
Structural level: organ system Right Ans - groups of organs
Structural level: organism Right Ans - all structural levels working together
,Structural level hierarchy Right Ans - chemical > cell > tissue > organ >
organ system > organism
Integumentary system Right Ans - Protection, maintain H20 content
Skeletal system Right Ans - protection, support, movement
Muscular system Right Ans - movement, posture, heat
> cardiac, skeletal, smooth
Lymphatic system Right Ans - AKA immune system
antibodies, lymph
Respiratory system Right Ans - gas exchange
ventilate: bring air in/out
respiration: feed cells O2
Digestive system Right Ans - take in nutrients, metabolize food
Nervous system Right Ans - chief regulator
brain, spinal cord, nerves
Control other systems
Endocrine system Right Ans - regulator of body
hormones/proteins/glands
Cardiovasular system Right Ans - transport
heart, vein (to heart), artery (away from heart)
Urinary system Right Ans - removes waste; kidneys
Characteristics of life Right Ans - 1) organization: structural
levels/coordination
2) metabolism: ability to use energy (dig/resp system); all chemical rxn in
body
3) responsiveness (aka irritability): ability to sense changes in environment
and make adjustment (shiver in cold weather)
4) growth: increase in size (constant rebuild/remake bones)
, 5) development: changes in cell structure/function from generalized to
specialized
6) reproduction: formation of new cells/new organisms
Homeostasis Right Ans - - maintenance of constant internal environment
(ex: body temp, BP, HR, BR)
- Variables: conditions that change (ex: enviro temp)
Set point Right Ans - ideal, normal value ( not the same for everyone)
- goes along with metabolism
- react to being off-balance
Negative feedback Right Ans - mechanism that regulates homeostasis
negative meaning a deviation from set (ideal) point
- used most often
- wants to stop/reverse something
Negative feedback components (3) Right Ans - 1) control center: establish
the set point (brain)
2) receptor: detect changes (variables)
3) effector: respond to change
Positive feedback Right Ans - - deviation from the set point becomes
greater
- makes a bad situation worse
- rarely found in healthy people
ex) childbirth is a good pos feedback
ex) laceration > blood loss > low BP > heart pumps harder > lose more blood >
even lower BP
Anatomical position Right Ans - person standing erect with face and palms
forward
supine position Right Ans - person lying face up
prone position Right Ans - person lying face down
Superior/Inferior Right Ans - superior: above another structure
inferior: below another structure
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