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2024 MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHOEXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
MI - CORRECT-ANSWERSDeath of myocardium from sudden blockage of
coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - CORRECT-ANSWERSunstable plaque breaks
off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus
formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell
die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - CORRECT-ANSWERShypoxia
as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - CORRECT-ANSWERSEKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin
(non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSelevated CK MB, Troponin
Describe cardia cycle - CORRECT-ANSWERSdeoxygenated blood enters R
side of heart from SVC/IVC then tricuspid to R ventricle then to pulmonic vale
then to pull artery to lungs pick up o2 to pulmonary veins to l atrium trough
mitral valve to left ventricle to aorta to body
Describe the RAAS system - CORRECT-ANSWERSRegulates BP and CO
1. In presence of low blood volume, renal perfusion decreases (↓ blood flow
to kidney decreases GFR) = secretion of renin from juxtaglomerular cells in
kidney.
2. Renin converts angiotensinogen (from liver) to angiotensin I. I is converted
to II by ACE in lungs = vasoconstriction and aldosterone release from
adrenals
4. ↑ Aldosterone secretion = more Na and H20 reabsorption = increased BP
from increase blood volume
What is a hypertensive emergency? - CORRECT-ANSWERSBP >180/120
associated with end organ damage and symptomatic patient
, what is Hypertensive urgency? - CORRECT-ANSWERSSBP>180 and DBP >120
and non other symptoms
what are the three stages of shock progression? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCompensatory, progressive and irreversible
What is distributive shock? - CORRECT-ANSWERSvasodilation causes
hypovolemia (decreased blood volume)
What is anaphylactic shock? - CORRECT-ANSWERSSevere allergic reaction
What is cardiogenic shock? - CORRECT-ANSWERSType of shock when the Left
ventricle cannot maintain adequate cardiac output
Why is CO2 high in pulmonary conditions? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpoor
ventilation
Why is O2 low in COPD? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpoor perfusion
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? - CORRECT-ANSWERSbetween
the alveoli and capillaries
what structures make up the air conditioning system of the lungs? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSnasal and oral cavity, paranasal sinus, pharynx,
epiglotis, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
What does the epiglottis do? - CORRECT-ANSWERSprevents food from
entering the trachea during swallowing
What do the bronchioles do? - CORRECT-ANSWERScontrols air flow in lungs;
transport air to alveoli
What does the alveoli do? - CORRECT-ANSWERSprovide area for exchange of
O2 and CO2
What do goblet cells do? - CORRECT-ANSWERSproduce mucus
what do cilia do in the nose? - CORRECT-ANSWERSMove mucus and dust
back through wave like motion to propel mucus where it can be removed
through sneezing, coughing or expectorating.
what decreases mucus production? - CORRECT-ANSWERScigarette smoking,
air pollution and alcohol
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