WK 3 COMMUNITY HEALTH EDAPT NOTES (COMPLETE WITH GUARANTEED PASS)
UPDATED & VERIFIED
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
An aggregate is defined as a collection of people who share one or more personal or
environmental characteristics, such as geography, special interest, disease diagnosis, or
risk factor.
Which clients are the focus of care for public health nursing?
The focus of care of public health nursing is on:
• aggregates
• communities
• populations
What is the primary goal of public health nursing?
The correct answer is underlined below.
The key difference between community-based and community-oriented nursing is that
community-based nurses deal primarily with providing direct (one-on-one) illness-oriented
care (acute and chronic illnesses), whereas community-oriented nurses—or public health
nurses—provide health care indirectly to aggregates, communities, and populations
to promote quality of life (health promotion) and disease prevention.
Public health nursing is population-focused and combines nursing knowledge with
social and public health sciences.
It should be noted that public health nursing and community health nursing (or
community-oriented nursing) are often used interchangeably and have slightly different
goals, care focus, and nursing interventions than community-based nursing. Using the
arrows below the images, go through the presentation below to learn more
Public Health Nursing: Primary Goals
The primary goals of public health nursing are:
• health promotion
• disease prevention
• promotion of quality of life
Public Health Nursing: Focus of Care
The focus of care of public health nursing is on:
• aggregates (a group of persons who share one or more characteristics)
, • communities
• populations
Public Health Nursing: Key Principles
The key principles of public health nursing are to:
• Emphasize primary prevention.
• Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of people.
• Understand that the client is a partner in health.
• Utilize resources efficiently to facilitate the best outcomes.
Public Health Nursing: Core Functions
The core functions of public health nursing are:
• Assessment - using systematic methods to assess and monitor the health of a
population (i.e., monitor the health status of a population to identify community
health problems and diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards
in the community).
• Policy Development - develop laws, policies, and best practices to promote the
health of a population based on scientific evidence by informing and educating
individuals about health issues, facilitating community partnerships to solve health
problems, and developing policies that support individual and community health
goals.
• Assurance - ensuring adequate healthcare personnel and services are accessible
equitably, especially to those aggregates or populations who do not have access to
them.
Which actions are core public health functions?
The core functions of public health nursing are:
• Assessment - using systematic methods to assess and monitor the health of a
population (i.e., monitor the health status of a population to identify community
health problems and diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards
in the community).
• Policy Development - develop laws, policies, and best practices to promote the
health of a population based on scientific evidence by informing and educating
individuals about health issues, facilitating community partnerships to solve health
problems, and developing policies that support individual and community health
goals.
, • Assurance - ensuring adequate healthcare personnel and services are accessible
equitably, especially to those aggregates or populations who do not have access to
them.
Providing personal health services for all community residents is not one of the core
functions of public health as this focuses on personal, individual needs and not the overall
needs of the community.
Which actions are consistent with the key principles of public health nursing?
The key principles of public health nursing are to:
• Emphasize primary prevention (i.e., assisting high-risk pregnant clients with access
to prenatal care and facilitating a safety fair in the community for fire safety and fire
detectors are both examples of primary prevention)
• Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of people (i.e., assuring a
community safety net exists for poor populations)
• Understand that the client is a partner in health
• Utilize resources efficiently to facilitate the best outcomes (i.e., mobilizing
community resources for health action)
Focusing on the individual and family in the delivery of self-care is a component of
community-based nursing, not public health (or population-based) nursing which focuses
on aggregates, communities, and populations.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,
2021), there are 10 essential services that all communities should provide for their
residents. The CDC has created a framework entitled, “10 Essential Public Health Services”
(EPHS) to protect and promote the health of all people in all communities.
The 10 Essential Public Health Services are:
1. Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and
community needs and assets.
2. Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the
population.
3. Communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that
influence health, and how to improve health.
4. Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health.
5. Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health.
6. Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public’s
health.
7. Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services
and care needed to be healthy.
, 8. Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce.
9. Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research,
and continuous quality improvement.
10. Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health.
Which activities reflect the public health essentials for which a public health nurse is
responsible to implement?
Identifying population-focused needs among the clients within their community, serving on
a community coalition to address population needs with persons with diabetes, mobilizing
community faith-based institutions to establish a volunteer transportation program, and
collaborating with local health systems to offer services in an underserved population are
all public health interventions that would be initiated by a public health nurse. Care is
focused on health promotion and disease prevention within a population or among a
group of persons, not aimed at individuals. Educating individual clients on a disease
process is considered community-based nursing.
Which activity demonstrates public health nursing and population-based nursing
care?
Public health nurses focus on the care of groups, aggregates, and populations in many
settings (i.e., homes, clinics, worksites, schools, etc.). Conducting health screenings at a
health fair is an example of population-based nursing care.
The focus of care of public health nursing is on aggregates, communities, and populations,
not individuals and families.
Giving an insulin injection, educating caregivers, and providing first aid at a school are
community-based nursing care.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY:
The cornerstone of public health is epidemiology. Epidemiology is the study and analysis of
diseases and determinants of health in human populations.
Epidemiology uses specialized research, methods, and approaches to investigate the
distribution and patterns of disease conditions in defined populations. The data generated
from epidemiological research is then used to shape policy decisions and evidence-based
practices by identifying risk factors and targets for preventive healthcare.
One Health is a collaborative, multifaceted, interdisciplinary approach operating at the
local, regional, national, and global levels that recognizes the connection between animal,
environmental, and human health sectors and how each impacts health and disease. The
primary focus and goal of One Health is to track diseases wherever they are found and to
help prevent and respond quickly to outbreaks. One Health issues include zoonotic
diseases, antibiotic resistance, food safety and food security, vector-borne diseases,
