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NUR 172 Final Exam 2024/2025
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NUR 172 Final Exam 2024/2025 NUR 172 Final Exam 2024/2025 NUR 172 Final Exam 2024/2025
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NUR 172 Final ExamIsotonic solutions - ANS Normal saline (0.9%)
Dextrose 5% and water (D5W)
Dextrose 5% and 1/4NS (D5 and 0.225%NaCl)
Lactated ringers
Albumin 5%
What is a Isotonic fluid - ANS same osmolarity as the cells.
Equal solute and water—exact same number of particles in both solutions—no movement of water.
Does not change cell volume.
Osmolarity - ANS total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
Tonicity - ANS the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Hypotonic solutions - ANS 1/2 Normal saline (0.45% NaCl)
1/3 Normal Saline (0.3% NaCl)
1/4 Normal saline (0.225% NaCl)
Dextrose 2.5% water (D2.5/W)
What is a hypotonic solution - ANS the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell so water
moves into the cell causing plant cells to SWELL and BURST, BP decrease
used to expand the cell
USED TO TREAT CELLULAR DEHYDRATION
,When would we NEVER use a hypotonic solution - ANS for intracranial pressure
Hypertonic solution - ANS Dextrose 5% and lactated ringers (D5/LR)
Dextrose 5% and Normal saline (D5/NS)
Dextrose 5% and 1/2 Normal saline (D5/0.45%NaCl)
TPN (Total Parental Nutrition)
Albumin 25%
What is a hypertonic solution - ANS The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell so water
moves out of the cell and into the solution causing the cell to plasmolyze
cause the cells to SHRINK and BP to INCREASE
What are some causes of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) - ANS vomiting, diarrhea, burns
hemorrhage (release of blood from broke blood vessel)
drainage from ng tube suction, fistulas and tubes
diaphoresis (sweating), tachypnea
not enough fluid intake
third space fluid shift
NPO status
diabetes insipidus
FVD symptoms - ANS tenting, tachycardia, hypotension, narrow pulse pressure, weight loss, flat vein
when in supine position, dry mucus membranes
BUN greater then 20mg
hemoglobin + hematocrit elevation
1.030 urine specific gravity
,urine output less then 30 mL
FVD treatment - ANS IV fluid, oral fluids, IV bolus maybe ordered, frequent assessment + vital signs,
blood or blood products
What are some causes of Fluid Volume Excess (FVE) - ANS renal disease/renal failure, heart failure,
excess fluid intake, high corticosteroid levels, liver damage, increased ADH due to fear, pain and acute
infections, SIADH
FVE symptoms - ANS Tachycardia, hypertension, bounding pulses, irritating cough, weight gain, JVD
(jugular vein distension), dyspnea, crackles, low pulse ox, fast resp rate
FVE treatment - ANS fluid restriction, salt restriction, dietetics, elevate lower extremities, oxygen if
needed, treat underlying condition
What is the earliest sign of hemmorage? - ANS thirst
What is the normal range for Sodium? - ANS 135-145 mEq/L
What is the normal range for potassium? - ANS 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What does potassium influence? - ANS skeletal and cardiac muscle activity
(potassium is not stored in the body, therefor it must be ingested daily)
Hypokalemia (low potassium) causes - ANS GI loss, diuretics, renal loss, increased perspirations, ng tube
suctioning, diahrea, vomiting, laxatives, poor dietary intake, excessive use of glucosteroids
, who writes the care plan or who contributes to the care plan? - ANS RN writes the care plan, LPN
contributes
Vancomycin - ANS antibiotic; monitor red man syndrome + nephrotoxicity
BUN - ANS 10-20
Creatine - ANS 0.6-1.2
Hypokalemia symptoms - ANS Fatigue, muscle cramps, metabolic acidosis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
ECG changes
Hyperkalemia (high potassium) causes - ANS increased intake, decrease urinary excretion of potassium,
burns, crushing injuries
Hyperkalemia symptoms - ANS cardiac rhythm, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, nausea + diarrhea
What does INS stand for - ANS Infusion of Nursing Society
"Standard of care" focuses on the what? - ANS the patient
"Standard of Nursing Process" focuses on the what? - ANS the nurse
what are the national safety goals for hospitals - ANS identify the patient correctly (name + DOB)
improve staff communication
use medication safety (6 rights)
use alarms safety
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