GMS 6552 Comprehensive Review Guide: Essential Questions and Answers
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Course
GMS 6552
Institution
GMS 6552
GMS 6552 Comprehensive Review
Guide: Essential Questions and
Answers
1. What is the relationship between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes? -
ANSWER Proto-oncogenes become oncogenes during
carcinogenesis
2. Which form(s) of oncogene activation involve(s) a mechanism that
will NEVERdirectly chan...
GMS 6552 Comprehensive Review
Guide: Essential Questions and
Answers
1. What is the relationship between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes? -
ANSWER ✓ Proto-oncogenes become oncogenes during
carcinogenesis
2. Which form(s) of oncogene activation involve(s) a mechanism that
will NEVERdirectly change the DNA sequence in a cell? Choose all
that apply. - ANSWER ✓ Hypomethylation
3. Does the presence of oncogenes make it harder or easier to develop
selective anti-cancer agents with fewer side effects? - ANSWER ✓
Easier
4. What is the relationship between Ras and Myc mutations in cancer? -
ANSWER ✓ Myc mutations increase the lethality of Ras inhibitors.
5. What is the effect of one cycle of the sodium potassium pump in
cells? - ANSWER ✓ 3 sodium ions out, 2 potassium ions in
6. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is _____. - ANSWER ✓
-90 mV
7. If you are measuring the voltage across a cell membrane and place
one electrode just outside of the membrane, in which location should
you place the other electrode in order to measure the greatest
voltage difference? - ANSWER ✓ Intracellularly, near the membrane
8. What is the relationship between conductance across a membrane
and the number of channels that are open in that membrane? -
ANSWER ✓ Conductance is proportional to the number of receptors
9. Which single-channel patch clamp technique mimics a scenario
where the void of the needle serves as the "inside" of the cell and the
, solution the tip of the needle is placed into serves as the "outside?" -
ANSWER ✓ Outside out recording
10. What is the mechanism by which voltage-gated channels open
in response to voltage changes? - ANSWER ✓ Charged residues in
the channel lead to a conformation change
11. The voltage-clamp technique is uniquely able to keep which
variable constant? - ANSWER ✓ (Em - Erev)
12. Two neurons show the same current flow upon activation in
response to the same stimulus. If neuron A has channels that stay
open longer, which situation would explain how the two neurons
achieve equal current? - ANSWER ✓ Neuron B has more channels
13. Though which mechanism is glutamate signaling stopped? -
ANSWER ✓ Re-uptake of glutamate
14. Hyperpolarization following an action potential induced by ACh
administration is primarily caused by activation of which receptors? -
ANSWER ✓ mAChR
15. Which ion channels may serve as pharmacological targets for
treating epilepsy? - ANSWER ✓ Voltage-gated channels, GABA
receptors, Glutamate receptors, Calcium channels
16. To maximize the activity of an α4β2 nAChR, how many agonist
binding sites should be occupied? - ANSWER ✓ 2
17. To maximize the activity of an α7 nAChR, how many agonist
binding sites should be occupied? - ANSWER ✓ 2
18. Which statement best explains how benzodiazepines influence
the physiological response to AChR agonists? - ANSWER ✓ They
increase activity of GABA receptors, blunting the effects of AChR
agonists.
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