Exam (elaborations)
Psych 439 Exam 1 Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- PSYCH 439
- Institution
- Texas A&M University
Psych 439 Exam 1 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
Psych 439 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Latest Update
Bicoid's role in head development ANS✔✔ Wherever bicoid is added, a head
can form (fully on its own)
Normal: bicoid is added to anterior end
Glial cells ANS✔✔ Divide throughout life, can cause formation of brain
tumors
Myelin ANS✔✔ Increases speed of a signal
Loss of myelin ANS✔✔ nerve impulses slow, disorder- multiple sclerosis (MS)
Preformationism ANS✔✔ 1600's view that development is simple
enlargement of a body plan
Epigenesis ANS✔✔ Body changes shape with new structure and grows more
complex (Aristotle)
Astrocytes ANS✔✔ Swell when damaged (edema)
responsible for symptoms associated with brain injury
Peripheral nervous sytem ANS✔✔ Consists of cranial nerves, spinal nerves,
autonomic system
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ANS✔✔ Exhibit anatomical, physiological, and
behavioral impairments
-change in facial features, stunted growth, intellectual disability
Methylation ANS✔✔ A chemical modification of the DNA that decreases
gene expression without altering the DNA
Increased Methylation = ANS✔✔ reduced gene expression
ex. Maternal Care
Epigenetics ANS✔✔ Pups that receive more licks and grooming as pups are
less responsive to stress
- more glucocorticoid receptors and can shut off their stress response more
easily
-Hypothalamus -> Pituitary -> Adrenals -> glucocorticoid to Hypothalamus
-LG removes the methyl group -> increased expression of the glucocorticoid
receptor
Visual Deprivation in cats (experience affects brain) ANS✔✔ Depriving one
eye of sight causes significant change in structure and function of visual
cortex
-most neurons will respond to both eyes, when one is sealed, neurons
switch to responding to working eye
-neurons never go back to normal even after opening eye
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Ontogeny ANS✔✔ Late 8-cell stage embryo -> Blastocyst -> 23-day embryo
-> 38-day embryo -> Fetus 7 months
Modern synthesis of evolution ANS✔✔ Fusion of Darwin's theory of evolution
by natural selection and Mendel's laws of discrete inheritance
Genes ANS✔✔ Specific DNA sequence embedded in chromosome that
specifies structure of proteins
Genotype ANS✔✔ genetic makeup of organism
Phenotype ANS✔✔ physical appearance of organism
Cell Differentiation ANS✔✔ process by which individual cells in a developing
metazoan become different from one another
Lineage ANS✔✔ First mechanism of cellular differentiation
Mitotic lineage ANS✔✔ a strict order of cell divisions that happen about the
same way in every individual worm
-can predict what a cell will become
-each fell's fate is determined by mitotic lineage
Embryonic Development ANS✔✔ Three distinct germ layers
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