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NU 300 Exam 6 Questions and Answers
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age related changes in the GI system - ✔✔atrophy of the gastric mucosa,
decreased stomach acid, peristalsis decreases, nerve impulses dulled,
pancreatic vessel calcification, iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, atrophic
gastritis, diminished enzyme activity and cholesterol synthesis, decreased
sensation to defecate (constipation, impaction), steatorrhea, slower drug
metabolism
4 components of abdominal assessment in order - ✔✔inspection,
auscultation, percussion, palpation
what is a bulging pulsating mass and indication of? what actions should the
nurse take? - ✔✔could be an AAA- do not palpate, notify HCP immediately
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - ✔✔allows visual examination of the
esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum by means of a long, flexible,
fiber optic lighted scope
avoid aspirin/NSAID/anticoag and food/fluids until gag reflex returns
PRIORITY- prevent aspiration
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colonoscopy - ✔✔endoscopic examination of the entire large bowel, clear
liquid diet day before exam, avoid red/orange/purple beverages and
gelatin, avoid aspirin/anticoag/antiplatelet
how to maintain a healthy oral cavity - ✔✔self exam of mouth every week,
avoid reducing saliva flow, avoid contact with agents possibly causing
mouth inflammation (alcohol mouthwash), eat well balanced diet, be aware
of any changes in the occlusion of your teeth, dentures with no damage/fit
properly, manage stress, brush/floss every day, see dentist regularly
stomatitis causes - ✔✔opportunistic infections, allergy, vitamin deficiency,
systemic disease (HIV, CKD), tobacco, alcohol, bacteria, viruses, certain
foods triggering aphthous ulcers from allergic responses (coffee, potatoes,
cheese, nuts, citrus fruits, gluten), chemo, candidiasis/moniliasis long term
antibiotics, herpes
considerations for older adults regarding stomatitis - ✔✔high risk for
candidiasis (decreased immune fxn), dentures may be colonized by C.
albicans, limited mobility leads to poor oral hygiene, high risk for mouth
infections
stomatitis s/s - ✔✔dry painful mouth, open ulcerations, potentially
obstructed airway, dysphagia, coughing when swallowing
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stomatitis RX - ✔✔soft bristle toothbrush/sponge, avoid alcohol
mouthwashes, rinse every two hours with baking soda and warm
water/saline, cool/cold foods, avoid spicy/salty/acidic foods, soft bland diet,
increase in vitamin c and protein, remove dentures, acyclovir for herpes,
nystatin/myostatin for yeast, pain control (-caines- watch for burns and
aspiration)
premalignant lesions- leukoplakia - ✔✔slowly developing changes in the
oral membranes causing thickened white firmly attached patches that
cannot easily be scraped off (from poor fitting dentures, chronic cheek
nibbling, broken teeth, etc)
premalignant lesions- erythroplakia - ✔✔red velvety mucosal lesions on
surface of oral mucosa, more malignant changes (precancerous)
oral cancer s/s - ✔✔thick/absent saliva, difficulty chewing, poor
appetite/nutritional status, difficulty swallowing, mouth bleeding, weight
loss, painless lesion (red, raised, eroded), thickening lump in the cheek,
swollen lymph nodes, speech/voice changes
oral cancer DX - ✔✔biopsy, MRI, CT, toludine dye
oral cancer interventions - ✔✔*PROMOTE GAS EXCHANGE*,oral hygiene
q 2 hr, soft bristle brush, lip lubricants, avoid alcohol mouth wash and
