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NU 300 Exam 7 Questions and Answers
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describe the outer portion of the eye - ✔✔sclera (whites), cornea
describe the middle portion of the eye - ✔✔iris/pupil, choroid, ciliary body
describe the inner portion of the eye - ✔✔retina (rods and cones), fovea,
macula, optic disc
normal ocular changes with aging - ✔✔presbyopia (far sighted), arcus
senilis (deposit of cholesterol causing a blue/gray ring around iris),
decreased ocular muscles, cataracts, poor night vision, decreased pupil
size, dry eyes, partial loss of color vision
entropion - ✔✔turning inward of eyelid causing lashes to rub against eye
(lower lid usually), caused by eyelid muscle spasms/post-trauma; pain-
feeling of something in the eye
ectropion - ✔✔turning outward and sagging lower eyelid, caused by muscle
relaxation or weakness with aging, leads to corneal drying and ulcers; dry
eyes
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hordeolum/stye - ✔✔staph or strep infection of sweat or sebaceous glands
in eyelid, affects 1 eye at a time, no vision changes
hordeolum/stye s/s - ✔✔surface of eyelid is red, swollen, painful
hordeolum/stye RX - ✔✔warm compress, antibiotic ointment
chalazion - ✔✔inflammation of sebaceous gland in eyelid, protrudes on
inner lid
chalazion s/s - ✔✔redness, tenderness, painless swelling, photophobia,
excessive tearing
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) causes - ✔✔changes in tear
production, tear composition, or tear distribution, antihistamine drugs,
medical conditions, post op eye surgery
entropion concerns - ✔✔corneal abrasion- send to surgery to prevent,
eyedrops
ectropion RX - ✔✔surgery, eye patch, eye drops to avoid infection
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) s/s - ✔✔feels like something
is in their eye, increased mucus production (eye boogers)
conjunctivitis/pink eye causes - ✔✔exposure to allergens/irritants, bacteria,
virus
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conjunctivitis/pink eye s/s - ✔✔blood shot eye, excessive tears, itching
for bacterial- edema, discharge
trachoma - ✔✔chronic conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachomatis;
warm moist areas with poor sanitation
scarred conjunctiva, preventable blindness
what is trachoma incubation period? - ✔✔5-14 days
corneal abrasion/ulceration causes - ✔✔contact lens, small foreign body,
trauma, malnutrition, dry eye syndrome, cancer treatment
MED EMERGENT- ulcerations are lack of blood supply and permanent
vision impairment
keratoconus - ✔✔degeneration of corneal tissue causing abnormal corneal
shape; by trauma or genetic disorder
keratoconus RX - ✔✔keratoplasty (corneal transplant)
keratoplasty teaching - ✔✔take antibiotics until run out, keep protective
patch on until follow up visit (after- wear at night for 1 month and around
kids/pets), lie on non-operative side, avoid activities that increase IOP
keratoplasty complication s/s - ✔✔purulent discharge, leak of clear fluids
(not tears), excessive bleeding, decreased vision, floaters
