Summary Grade 12 IEB Physical Science - Momentum and Impulse
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Course
Physical Sciences
Institution
12th Grade
This summary for Grade 12 IEB Physical Science explores momentum, impulse, and collisions, detailing both elastic and inelastic collisions. It covers Newton’s Second Law in terms of momentum, the impulse-momentum theorem, and conservation of linear momentum with examples. This guide is perfect fo...
Newtons Ind Law
I
WIN
in terms of momentum Inelastic Collision
objects collide and deform
defined The net force off make
as
acting on an
object
:
·
,
Il IIWI is equal to the rate of change of sound give off light, or heat up . The
,
momentum - Collision is Inelastic
and IMPULSE Fret =
P
(from Fret ma) Kinetic not conserved
equation t energy is only
: =
·
,
Momentum (P) · Fret & Yat ; net force is
inversely proportional momentum is conserved
· When object
an moving it has momentum
is to time taken for collision
defined as the product of the mass (m) and Elastic Collisions EK =* MV
-
:
·
velocity (v) of the object A system of colliding bodies A collision which Kinetic
· in energy is
Vector A group of two or
objects that interact and momentum conserved
equation p (kg ) more conserved
-1
o : =
my .
m S
.
-
· is
the faster the velocity or greater the mass is a system .
Impulse
·
-
momentum theorem
A system of
of an object the greater the momentum
·
colliding objects will experience
forces that the free t P
=
two horizontal will
change
.
impulse the product of the net force
momentum of each object
:
Collisions
·
· An Isolated event in which two or more moving Force of AonB Force of Aon B acting on an object and the
&
A B time for which it acts
bodies exert equal but opposite forces on eachother
Fond"
I
fron ·
equation : 1 =
fret At (N.S) -
Vector
(forces different objects)
.
act on
t
the forces that are experienced
·
equivalent to change in Momentum (AP)
·
during a collision
· Internal forces are the action-reaction forces
the
act for a very short time interval and they can
Seat belts and airbags
Momentum of each object.
exerted by the objects on eachother
during
If time taken to come to rest increased
n
the collision
·
,
· forces acting during a ave
then netforce acting on
passenger decreases
, Frei ·
external forces such as friction also act on
collision are not constant >
therefore average force is
each object during the collision Arrester beds
ensure the momentum of the truck
better measure Isolated
system
is
·
a of force
of time
acting on object At(s) · When the mass of a system in constant and no changed over a
long period
net external force acts on the system in sports
use
Change in Momentum (AP) ·
Ap system O
through
=
o'follow increase contact time
· When there is a change in the velocity of the object ,
0.. Momentum of an Isolated
system does not
object collision
Chockey tennis golf etc .
the momentum of an will
change during
,
change a
,
·
equation :
Ap
=
mar (Pt-P. for any collision of 2 masses (m) and (M)
Conservation of linear momentum
o + 1
sign indicates the direction of the change in
D fnet equal and opposite
momentum Law of conservation of linear momentum :
② Ap equal and opposite
momentum always same direction The total linear momentum of an Isolated
o change in as
3 acceleration of (m) > acceleration of (M)
net force acting on object system remains constant (is conserved)
① impulse equal and opposite
·
equation :
pbefore
=
patter
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