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NURS 807 Exam 1 – Questions With Detailed Solutions
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NURS 807 Exam 1 – Questions With Detailed Solutions
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NURS 807 Exam 1 – Questions With Detailed SolutionsDefine pathology Right Ans - study of the structural and functional changes
in cells, tissues and organs of the body that cause or are caused by disease
Define physiology Right Ans - study of the functions of the human body
Define pathophysiology Right Ans - cellular and organ changes that occur
with disease and the effects on function
Define etiology Right Ans - the cause of something
What is the start of most diseases Right Ans - cellular injury
Physical forces that cause injury Right Ans - mechanical forces ex) ankle
sprain
extremes of temperature ex) necrosis
electrical forces ex) cardiac (internal) external -> electricity
Radiation injury Right Ans - ionizing radiation : chernobyl, nuclear, kind
when have cancer
non-ionizing radiation : microwaves, radiowaves, cellular
ultraviolet radiation : sunscreen
UV B vs UV A Right Ans - UV A -> most damage and cause tan
UV B -> gets through skin and cause changes
hypoxia Right Ans - lack of sufficient oxygen to the cells
mechanisms of cellular injury Right Ans - free radicals : cause direct
cellular injury
hypoxic cell injury : not enough oxygen
impaired calcium homeostasis : tumor -> center could be Ca
disruption of the cellular membranes : reversible injury
irreversible injury
apoptosis
programmed cell death
necrosis
,reversible injury Right Ans - body that can repair itself
irreversible injury Right Ans - program cell death, necrosis, apoptosis
idiopathic Right Ans - unknown etiology (cause)
iatrogenic Right Ans - disease arose as a result of prescribed treatment
common in pharmacology (risk versus benefit)
nosocomial / healthcare associated Right Ans - acquired from a healthcare
setting ex) MRSA, C-diff
risk factors: genetic predisposition and environmental triggers Right Ans -
factors that predispose an individual to a particular disease
majority of diseases are multifactorial in origin
congenital risk factors Right Ans - present at birth
acquired conditions risk factors Right Ans - injury
exposure to infectious agents ex) covid
inadequate nutrition ex) vitamins and minerals to support system
lack of oxygen ex) child with asthma -> life expectancy less
inappropriate immune response ex) celiac, lactose intolerant
neoplasia ex) cancer, history of cancer, multifactorial, treatment could lead to
secondary cancer
general risk factors Right Ans - extremes of age
gender
genetic disposition
stress
lifestyle and personal habits
occupation pre-existing illness
environmental exposure
pathogenesis Right Ans - origin or development of the disease / why a
disease starts
sequence of events leading to the expression of disease
,structural abnormalities in pathogenesis Right Ans - exogenous: external,
outside of body
endogenous: internal, ex) appendix
functional abnormalities in pathogenesis Right Ans - no identifiable cellular
change that results in tissue abnormalities ex) appendix is functional issue
manifestation Right Ans - to present or show itself
signs and symptoms Right Ans - signs: objective findings gathered during
an assessment
symptoms: subjective findings gathered during the H&P
diagnosis and classification types Right Ans - acute
disease of sudden onset which runs a severe but short course
subacute
intermediate nature : related to acute
chronic
a long term or reoccurring illness: asthma, diabetes type I
acute-on-chronic
unexpected acute exacerbation or episode of a chronic condition ex) COPD
patient with a new pneumonia
why isnt diabetes type II considered chronic Right Ans - can change
lifestyle to make it go away
examples of signs Right Ans - vitals: HR, temp, BP, a number of some kind
with a unit attached
pain scale : objective # to something subjective
examples of symptoms Right Ans - sore throat, headache, nausea
preventative care Right Ans - health promotion
developmental and maturational issues
normal childbearing
hygiene
nutrition
exercise
mental health
, spiritual health
illness prevention
first aid
safety
immunizations
screenings: hearing, mammograms, colonoscopy
health restoration
various settings:
acute care
long term care
rehabilitation facilities
assisted living
schools: hearing, vision, looking for lice
facilitation of coping
counseling
motivational interviews
referrals
therapeutic strategies Right Ans - Dietary recommendations (Integrated
through curriculum)
Nursing interventions (Fundamentals, NSL, Clinical)
Education and support (Integrated throughout curriculum)
Surgical interventions (Collaborative Care III)
Medical interventions (Collaborative Care III)
Collaborative care with RT, PT, OT, Pharmacy, Speech, etc.
Pharmacological Interventions (NURS 807)
sources of drugs Right Ans - plants ex) morphine and codeine -> poppy
plant
animals ex) pig pancreas -> insulin
synthetic chemicals ex) flu vaccine
genetically engineered chemicals (not FDA approved) ex) mushrooms
drug nomenclature Right Ans - chemical name
generic name
trade name
chemical name of drug Right Ans - precisely describes drugs atomic and
molecular structure
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