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Samenvatting ZeZi: Fysiologie volledig

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  • Course
  • Zenuwstelsel en zintuigen (D001645)
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Dit is een samenvatting van het volledige onderdeel Fysiologie uit het vak zenuwen en zintuigen in 2e bachlor geneeskunde aan de Ugent. Het is een samenvatting van alle lessen van Prof. dr. Paemeleire en Prof. dr. Labro.

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Document information

  • November 1, 2024
  • 130
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

  • zezi
  • zenuwen en zintuigen
  • fysiologie
  • geneeskunde
  • tweede bachlor
  • ugent

Written for

  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)
  • Geneeskunde
  • Zenuwstelsel en zintuigen (D001645)
All documents for this subject (4)

1  review

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By: malouvanhyfte • 10 hours ago

Translated by Google

clear and complete summary of physio!!

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geneeskundesamenvattingen53

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Content preview

FYSIOLOGIE
Zenuwen en zintuigen



Inhoud
DEEL 1: Neurotransmissie ........................................................................................ 3
Noradrenaline .......................................................................................................... 8
Dopamine .......................................................................................................... 12
Serotonine ......................................................................................................... 19
Histamine .......................................................................................................... 23
Glutamine .......................................................................................................... 26
GABA ................................................................................................................. 37
Glycine .............................................................................................................. 42
Neuropeptiden ................................................................................................... 43
Cannabinoïden ................................................................................................... 46
DEEL 2: Synaptische plasticiteit.............................................................................. 48
Inleiding ............................................................................................................. 48
Spatiale + tijdelijke sommatie v input signalen in dendrieten .................................. 51
Synaptische plasticiteit ....................................................................................... 52
Zintuigen ........................................................................................................... 59
Inleiding = ....................................................................................................... 59
Tast................................................................................................................ 59
Geur............................................................................................................... 63
Smaak ........................................................................................................... 63
Temperatuur .................................................................................................. 65
Deel 3: Visueel systeem ........................................................................................ 67
---> inleiding ...................................................................................................... 67
Verticale weg = .................................................................................................. 77
Horizontale weg ................................................................................................ 78
Kleurenzicht = ................................................................................................... 80
Verbinding retina ---> primaire visuele cortex .................................................... 84
Organisatie v V1 ................................................................................................ 88

1

, Oculaire dominantiekolommen ..................................................................... 89
Oriëntatie kolommen in V1 = .......................................................................... 90
Visuele associatiezones .................................................................................... 92
DEEL 4: auditief systeem....................................................................................... 96
Basilaire membraan =........................................................................................ 97
Endocochleaire potentiaal ................................................................................ 98
Afferenten en efferenten v IHC + OHC ..............................................................108
Geluidssterkte + geluidsfrequentie = ................................................................112
DEEL 5: vestibulair systeem .................................................................................115
DEEL 6: Pijnsystemen ..........................................................................................120
Transductie =....................................................................................................121
Transmissie = ...................................................................................................123
Modulatie .........................................................................................................126
Perceptie = .......................................................................................................128




2

, DEEL 1: Neurotransmissie

Complexiteit hersenen =

- Aantal neuronen + volume ≠ lineair verband met intelligentie/cognitie
- Binnen primaten = wel lineair verband ts grootte + neuronen + cognitie
- +- 86 miljard neuronen
- Ratio glia cellen : neuronen ---> 1:1


Aantallen =

- Neuronen-gliacellen = miljarden
- Synapsen = triloenen
- Neurotransmitters/peptiden = >100
---> = signaalstof v zenuwcel nr zenuwcel
- Receptoren = metabotroop/ionotroop ---> hoge complexiteit



Fysiologie v NT + reeptoren

---> ontdekking vagusstof =
= stof vrijgekomen bij stimulatie v n. vagus ---> verlaging
hartslag

- 1e bevestiging v chemische synaptische transmissie
- 1e NT ooit ontdekt ---> = acetylcholine

Werking =

1. Hart 1 elektrisch stimuleren = vagusstof vrijkomen
2. Vagusstof op niet gestimuleerd hart 2
3. Hart 2 = hartslag vertragen



Criteria NT substanties =

1. Neuronale oorsprong = gesynthetiseerd in presynaptisch neuron/ axon uiteinde --->
enzymen moeten er zijn ---> lokaliseren via immunocyto/histochemie

2. Presynaptisch accumuleren = via vesikels ---> exocytose in presynaptische spleet

3. NT exogeen toedienen = effect kunnen nabootsen = agonisten = basis neurofarmacologie

4. Receptor postsynaptisch blokkeren = effect blokkeren ---> = antagonist

5. Clearance = signaal uitzetten = NT uit synaptische spleet halen ---> anders hersenen te
traag
− NT afbreken
− NT recycleren ---> terug opnemen 3

, Sommige NT + neuromodelatoren = niet voldoen aan criteria =

- Neuropeptiden = in cellichaam produceren = niet op uiteinde
- ATP = niet via vesikels vrijstellen
- Endocanabinoiden = postsynaptische synthese ---> retrograde NT
- NO = niet op receptor binden


Klassieke NT




Catecholamines




Synthese acetylcholine =




= voor CENTRAAL zenuwstelsel =

Systemen v hersenen + in ruggenmerg




4

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