Exam (elaborations)
OBGYN ARDMS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS( UPDATE)
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OBGYN ARDMS FINAL EXAMQUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS(2024-
2025 UPDATE)
Hydranencephaly
Ischemic infarc2on of both cerebral hemispheres. Early compromise of both
caro2d arteries with preserva2on of posterior circula2on. Mimics severe
hydrocephalus (thin rind of cor2cal gray ma>er). Complete infarc2on of
supratentorial cerebral 2ssues with preserva2on of thalami and cerebellum.
Typically no iden2fiable cerebral cortex. Falx cerebri may be par2ally or
completely absent, while brainstem and basal ganglia are maintained and
surrounded by csf.
Hydrocephaly
Abnormal accumula2on of spinal fluid in the brain
Basal ganglia
A set of subcor2cal structures that directs inten2onal movements
,Ovarian hypers2mula2on syndrome
Women who are undergoing ovarian induc2on are at increased risk for this.
Ovaries can enlarge oLen measuring 5-12cm. The ovary will also contain
mul2ple large theca lutein cysts. In severe cases pa2ents will have nausea,
vomi2ng, an abdominal distension, ovarian enlargement, an electrolyte
imbalance, and oliguria, with sonographic signs of ascites and pleural effusions.
Clomid
A fer2lity drug that is used to s2mulate ovula2on and that has been associated
with mul2ple births
Theca lutein cyst
OLen bilateral/mul2ple. Due to gonadotropin s2mula2on. Associated with
choriocarcinoma and moles.
Choriocarcinoma
Cancerous tumor of the chorion
Chorion
Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the
fetal part of the placenta.
Holoprosencephaly
A group of brain abnormali2es consis2ng of varying degrees of fusion of the
lateral ventricles(monoventricle), absence of the midline structures, associated
facial anomalies, fused thalami. Most oLen associated with hypotelorism,
cebocephaly, ethmocephaly, cyclopia, and cleL lip with or without cleL palate.
Hypotelorism
, Condi2on in which the orbits are close together
Hypertelorism
Orbits spaced widely apart
Cebocephaly
Congenital anomalies of the head due to teratogens or development
disrup2ons of the nervous system. It's a form of holoprosencephaly
characterized by a common ventricle(monoventricle), hypotelorism, and a nose
with a single nostril.
Ethmocephaly
A condi2on in which there is no nose and a proboscis separa2ng two close-set
orbits; associated with holoprosencephaly
Cyclopia
Congenital anomaly characterized by a single orbit
Sirenomelia
Fusion of legs; bilateral renal agenesis is associated with this.
Bladder flap hematoma
Collec2on of blood between the bladder and lower-uterine segment, resul2ng
from a lower-uterine transverse cesarean sec2on and bleeding from the
uterine vessels.
Cys2c teratoma
Mc benign germ cell tumor (<1% malignant); hair/teeth; calcifica2ons; has 2p
of iceberg sign: only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater
part of the mass is obscured by shadowing.
Dermoid cyst
Congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic 2ssue (teeth, bone,
car2lage, and hair); typically found in an ovary and usually benign; only the
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