Exam (elaborations)
chapter 3 - microbiology questions and answers 2024
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chapter 3 - microbiology
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chapter 3 - microbiologymicrobiology - answer the branch of biology that deals with microorganism and their
effects on other living organism
microorganism - answer minute living things that individually are too small to be seen
with the naked eye
types of microorganism - answer-bacteria
-viruses
-protozoa
-microscopic algae
AIDS - acquired immunodefiency syndrome - answer viral disease that attacks and
destroy the immune system
certain microorganisms are beneficial to the environment by: - answer-helps recycle
chemical elements into the soil,air ,and water by breaking down waste
-food industry (alcohol, yogurt, cheese, bread, etc)
-to help digest and synthesize vitamins into the body
second - answermicrobial diseases are ____ to the respiratory tract as causes of
illnesses in disease
fecal-oral cycle - answermicrobial diseases of the digestive system are typically
transmitted through ______.
latin - answerthe scientific names of organisms are in _____.
-genus
-species - answerscientific naming assigns each organism two names
1. capitalized, not
2. underlined, italicized - answer1. the genus is the first name and is always _____ ; the
specific species name follows and is ____ capitalized.
2. the organism is referred to by both the genus and species, and both names are ____
or ______.
-round
-rod
-spiral - answerbacteria have a few basic shapes ____, ______, ______.
, cocci - answerround are spherical bacteria are called _____.
bacilli - answerrod-shaped bacteria are called ______.
flagella - answerwhip like structure which helps propel the organisms through liquid
media
-pathogenic (disease producing)
-nonpathogenic (non-disease producing) - answerbacterias are classified into two
categories
bacteria - answer-unicellular (has one cell)
-reproduce by binary fission (asexual reproduction)
basic requirements for bacterial survival - answer-warmth (98.6 F)
-food (mineral, proteins, carbs, etc)
-water
-alkaline PH
-elimination of waste materiral
-oxygen
subdued light or darkness
-aerobic
-anaerboc - answerbacteria can grow under either ____, ____ conditions
gram-staining process - answeruse several color of dyes depending on type of
microorganism. A type of specific color will be retained by the cells
gram postive rods (bacilli) - answermicroorganisms belonging to ____ have the abililty
to slow down their metabolism and become dormant when their environment is
threatened
spore or endospore - answer- a special characteristic in bacteria
-dehydrated cell
-durable cell with thick wall that are hard and shell-like
-can survive in extreme environment
-highly resistant to sterliants
-can remain dormant
Bacillius anthracis - answer-the organism for anthrax
-one of the most feared agents of biological warfare
-opportunistic pathogens
-relatively low virulence (ability to cause disease)
opportunistic pathogens - answercause infection in individuals with weakened immune
system
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