Microbiology Chapter 1
Microorganisms - answer Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Germ - answer Rapidly growing cell
Pathogenic - answer Disease-causing
What are some good things that microbes do? - answer1. Decompose organic waste
(Without them we'd have too much waste)
2. They are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis
3. They produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone
4. Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread.
5. Produce products used in manufacturing and treatment (insulin)
6. Create Designer Jeans
What does the knowledge of microorganisms allow humans to do? - answer1. Prevent
food spoilage
2. Prevent disease occurrence (prevention by understanding them)
3. Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in meds and in labs
What are aseptic techniques? - answerTechniques that keeps thing sterile and avoids
cross contamination to prevent spread
Who established the system of scientific nomenclature? - answerLinnaeus
Each organism has two names, what are these two names called? - answerThe Genus
and the Species (aka specific epithet)
How do scientific names differ from other names? - answerScientific names are
italicized or underlined. Also, the genus is capitalized which the species is lower case.
(Ex. E.coli) Scientific names are latinized and used worldwide and can be very
descriptive or they can honor a scientist.
What is Escherichia coli and how did it get that name? - answerEscherichia coli is also
known as E.coli. E.coli honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the
habitat of the E.coli which is in the large intestine or colon (coli).
What is Staphylococcus aureus and how did it get that name? - answerStaphylococcus
aureus describes the arrangement of the bacterium which is: clustered (staphylo)
spperical (cocci) cells, Along with the gold color of the bacterium's colonies (aureus).
, How are scientific names used when writing a paper or a lab report? - answerAfter the
first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the
specific epithet.
What are some types of microorganisms? - answer1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
6. Viruses
7. Multicellular animal parasites
*Refer to pictures in book
Bacteria - answer-Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
-Peptidoglycan cell walls
-Binary Fission
-For energy they use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and also occasionally
photosynthesis.
Archaea - answer-Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
-Lack Peptidoglycan
-Live in extreme environments
-Examples: Methanogens, (live in high conc. of methane) Extreme Halophiles (love
salt), and Extreme thermophiles (love heat)
Fungi - answer-Eukaryotes
-Chitin Cell Walls
-Use Organic Chemicals for energy
-Molds and Mushrooms
Are molds and mushrooms unicellular or multicellular? - answerThey are multicellular
and they consist of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae.
Are Yeasts unicellular or multicellular? - answerUnicellular
Protozoa - answer-Eukaryotes
-Absorb or ingest organic chemicals and the shape changes depending on particle
going to be absorbed
May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
-Example: Ameoba
Algae - answer-Eukaryotes
-Cellulose cell walls
-Use photosynthesis for energy
-Produces molecular oxygen and organic compounds
Microorganisms - answer Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Germ - answer Rapidly growing cell
Pathogenic - answer Disease-causing
What are some good things that microbes do? - answer1. Decompose organic waste
(Without them we'd have too much waste)
2. They are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis
3. They produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone
4. Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread.
5. Produce products used in manufacturing and treatment (insulin)
6. Create Designer Jeans
What does the knowledge of microorganisms allow humans to do? - answer1. Prevent
food spoilage
2. Prevent disease occurrence (prevention by understanding them)
3. Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in meds and in labs
What are aseptic techniques? - answerTechniques that keeps thing sterile and avoids
cross contamination to prevent spread
Who established the system of scientific nomenclature? - answerLinnaeus
Each organism has two names, what are these two names called? - answerThe Genus
and the Species (aka specific epithet)
How do scientific names differ from other names? - answerScientific names are
italicized or underlined. Also, the genus is capitalized which the species is lower case.
(Ex. E.coli) Scientific names are latinized and used worldwide and can be very
descriptive or they can honor a scientist.
What is Escherichia coli and how did it get that name? - answerEscherichia coli is also
known as E.coli. E.coli honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the
habitat of the E.coli which is in the large intestine or colon (coli).
What is Staphylococcus aureus and how did it get that name? - answerStaphylococcus
aureus describes the arrangement of the bacterium which is: clustered (staphylo)
spperical (cocci) cells, Along with the gold color of the bacterium's colonies (aureus).
, How are scientific names used when writing a paper or a lab report? - answerAfter the
first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the
specific epithet.
What are some types of microorganisms? - answer1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
6. Viruses
7. Multicellular animal parasites
*Refer to pictures in book
Bacteria - answer-Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
-Peptidoglycan cell walls
-Binary Fission
-For energy they use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and also occasionally
photosynthesis.
Archaea - answer-Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
-Lack Peptidoglycan
-Live in extreme environments
-Examples: Methanogens, (live in high conc. of methane) Extreme Halophiles (love
salt), and Extreme thermophiles (love heat)
Fungi - answer-Eukaryotes
-Chitin Cell Walls
-Use Organic Chemicals for energy
-Molds and Mushrooms
Are molds and mushrooms unicellular or multicellular? - answerThey are multicellular
and they consist of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae.
Are Yeasts unicellular or multicellular? - answerUnicellular
Protozoa - answer-Eukaryotes
-Absorb or ingest organic chemicals and the shape changes depending on particle
going to be absorbed
May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
-Example: Ameoba
Algae - answer-Eukaryotes
-Cellulose cell walls
-Use photosynthesis for energy
-Produces molecular oxygen and organic compounds
