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Microbiology Chapter 8 Questions and Answers Graded A+
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Microbiology Chapter 8
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Microbiology Chapter 8Genetics - answer the study of what genes are, how they carry information , how
information is expressed, and how genes are replicated
gene - answer a segment of dna that encodes a functional product, usually a protein
genome - answer all the genetic material in a cell
genomics - answer the molecular study of genomes
genotype - answer the genes of an organism
phenotype - answer expression of the genes
genetic information expression – answer genetic information is used within a cell to
produce the proteins needed for the cell to function
genetic information recombination - answergenetic information can be transferred
between cells of the same generation
genetic information replication - answergenetic information can be transferred between
generations of cells
semi conservative DNA synthesis - answerhalf old and half new
transcription - answersynthesis of a complimentary strand of RNA from the code found
in DNA; it begins when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequenceproceeds in
the 5 prim to 3 prim direction and stops when it reaches the terminator sequence
transcription requires - answerRNA nucleotide and the enzyme RNA polumerase
repressible enzymes - answerassist in the process by which a protein can stop the
synthesis (transcription) of a protein; block RNA polymerase's transcription initiation;
default is on and when there is too much material it is turned off
inducible enzymes - answerassist in the process of the inducer that causes transcription
of specific genes; default is off
translation - answerthe conversion of the DNA codes from protein production into the
protein
mRNA is translated in ____ - answercodons( three nucleotides) 64 total codes
, degeneracy - answeralternative codons for most amino acids probides for coverage
against possible mutation
translation of mRNA begins at the _____:___ (formylmethionine and not methionine) -
answerstart codon: AUG
Translation of mRNA ends as ___:__ - answernonsense codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
the genetic code - answer64 sense codons on mRNA encode the 20 amino acids; this
code is a degenerate
tRNA - answercarries the complementary anticodon; complementary to a codone; base-
pairs with its associated codon
site of translation - answerthe ribosome of RNA
____ direct the building of tRNA and mRNA codon - answerribosomes
what starts the protein synthesis - answerwhen the start codon is released from the
ribosome unit and then additional RNA units attach
prokaryotic cells can start translation - answerprior to the completion of transcription
mRNA is trancripted - answerin the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus of a eukaryote
start codons are exposed - answereven befor the remaining codon are completed
enxymes are needed for - answerpractically all cell metabolism; some to a greater
extent than others thus must be mad in greater quantities over a more consisten time
period
constitutive enzymes - answerexpressed at a fixed rate, genes are turned on
continuously, production of enzymes needed in large amoungts, other are expressed
only as needed
catavolite repression - answerinhibis the use of alternative carbon sources when
glucose is available
the ____ is inducible by lactose to the miximal levels whe cAMP and CAP form a
complex - answeroperon
under conditions of high glucose, - answera glucose breakdown product inhibits the
ezyme adenylat cyclase which prevents the conversion of ATP to cAMP
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