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Advanced Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Part 1 Exam

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Advanced Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Part 1 Exam ...

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  • November 1, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • pka
  • Advanced Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Part 1
  • Advanced Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Part 1
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Chrisyuis
Advanced Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Part 1
Exam 2024-2025


pKa

value is one method used to indicate the strength of an acid



pKa

is the negative log of the acid dissociation constant or Ka value



0:02

/

0:15

Brainpower

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A lower pKa value indicates

a stronger acid. That is, the lower value indicates the acid more fully dissociates in
water. The lower the__________of a drug—the more acidic it isThe higher
the_____________of a drug—the more basic [alkaline] it is.

Distribution equilibrium is established when the permeable form of the drug has
acquired equal amount in all the water spaces in the body.



Absorption in Pharmacology

__________________ refers to entry into the bloodstream from a site of administration.



Factors Affecting the Rate of Drug Absorption

____________________ is dependant upon the environment where the drug is absorbed,
chemical characteristic of the drug, and route of administration.

,Distribution in Pharmacokinetics

The process where the drug leaves the bloodstream and enters interstitial and
intracellular fluids.



What factors does drug distribution depend on?

_________________ depends on cardiac output, local blood flow, capillary permeability,
tissue volume, binding to plasma and tissue proteins, and the drug's lipophilicity.



Metabolism

_____________________cause the drug to be biotransformed through _________________by
the liver or other organ



Elimination

The drug and its metabolites are then __________from the body—and excreted via the
urine bile or feces




Enteral administration refers to the

Administration of the drug by mouth-most common, convenient, and economical



Management of toxicities and overdoses of oral drugs

Antidotes may include activated charcoal



Some factors affecting oral drug absorption include

Low gastric pH inactivates some drugs, enteric-coated preparations, extended-release
preparations



Advantages of sublingual route

, Easy to administer, well and rapidly absorbed, avoids harsh GI environment, avoids
first-pass metabolism



Advantages of buccal route

Ease of administration, rapid absorption, bypass of the harsh GI environment,
avoidance of first-pass metabolism



Parenteral Administration

Introduces the drug directly into the systemic circulation Intravenous Intramuscular
Subcutaneous Intradermal



Parenteral Administration

this route used for drugs poorly absorbed from GI tract, unstable in GI tract, patients
unable to take PO meds and when you need rapid onset of action This route provides
most control over the dose delivered Route of administration is irreversible




What are the oral inhalation and nasal preparation advantages?

Speedy delivery of drug to large quantities of mucous membrane of lung, easy for the
patients who have respiratory disorders, drug is delivered to the site of action



What are the drugs typically given through oral inhalation?

Gases, drugs which can be given as aerosol



Intrathecal/ Intraventricular

Blood-brain barrier delays or prevents absorption of drugs into CNS • If local, rapid
effects are needed— drugs can be given into CSF



Topical

Used when a local effect of a drug is needed

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