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BIOSTATS - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIOSTATS - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIOSTATS - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWhat is descriptive statistics?
Describes data that we collect or observe
(i.e. empirical data)
Concerned with presentation, organization and summarization of data
Descriptive Statistics - Examples (3)
Frequencies and associated percentages
Average or range of outcomes
Pie charts, bar graphs, or other visual representation of data
What is Inferential Statistics?
A range of procedures/statistical tests
(e.g. t-test, analysis of variance, or chi-square test, multiple regression analysis)
Allows us to generalize from our sample of data to a larger group of subjects
(Draw a sample from a population, not dealing with the entire population)
Inferential Statistics - Examples
- Can be Parametric vs. Non-parametric statistics
Population: parameter mean, standard deviation
Sample: statistics (mean; standard deviation)
...are examples of (differential/inferential) statistics
,What is a Discrete Variable?
Examples?
characterized by gaps or interruptions
"qualitative data"
Discrete variables have values that can only assume whole numbers
What is a Continuous Variable?
Examples?
Continuous variable has no gaps or interruptions
Takes any value within a defined range
"quantitative data"
Discrete data chart
Continuous data chart
, Ex: Is numbers of patients discrete or continuous?
discrete
Ex: Is Gender discrete or continuous?
discrete
Ex: Is temperature of fever discrete or continuous?
continuous
Ex: Is mortality status discrete or continuous?
discrete
Dependent variable
The outcome factor;
the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent
variable.
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated;
the variable whose effect is being studied
Can be manipulated to change the outcome
Nominal scale
Named categories with no implied order among the categories
Attributes are only named; weakest
Ordinal Scale
Named categories with order.
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