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Microbiology. An introduction (Tortora) Ch. 1 Questions and Answers Graded A+
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Microbiology. An introduction (Tortora) Ch. 1
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Microbiology. An introduction (Tortora)Ch. 1
Microbes (Microorganisms) - answer Minute living things individually too small to be
seen w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae, archaea, fungi,
multicellular animal parasites
Pathogenic microorganisms - answer Disease-carrying organisms that are too small to
be seen with the naked eye
Genus - answer(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
Specific either (species) - answer Name that follows genus, not capitalized.
Bacteria (singular bacterium) - answer Simple, single-celled, prokaryotic organisms,
have peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce through binary fission. Make energy by use of
organic and inorganic chemicals, and/or through photosynthesis
Prokaryotes - answer A single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no
membrane-bound organelles
Archaea - answerProkaryotic single-celled organisms that lack peptidoglycan in their
cells walls. Live in extreme environments. Divided into three subsets: Methanogens,
Extreme Halophiles, Thermophiles.
Fungi (sing: fungus) - answerEukaryotes, Chitin cell walls, Use organic chemicals for
energy, Molds and mushrooms are multicellular,
consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae.
Yeasts are unicellular
Eukaryotes - answerAll multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Bounded by
a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in
a semifluid medium called cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of
DNA organized into chromosomes located in the nucleus.
Protozoa (sing: protozoan) - answerEukaryotes, Absorb or ingest organic chemicals.
May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella. Protozoa have no cell wall. Have a
thickening of their cell membrane, but have no cell wall
Algae (sing: alga) - answerEukaryotes, Cellulose cell walls. Use photosynthesis for
energy. Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds
, Viruses - answerAcellular, Consists of DNA or RNA core, Core is surrounded by a
protein coat, Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, Are replicated only when they
are in a living host cell
Helminths - answerParasitic flatworms and roundworms
Cell Theory - answerTheory that all living things are composed of cells
Spontaneous generation - answerHypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving
matter.
Biogenesis - answerthe production of living organisms from other living organisms
Aseptic techniques - answerTechniques that prevent contamination by unwanted
microorganisms, which are now standard practice in laboratory and medical procedures
Fermentation - answerConversion of sugar to alcohol to make wine and beer.
Microorganisms called yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air.
Pasteurization - answerSolution credited to Pasteur for spoilage. A process of heating
food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing
the taste of the food.
Germ theory of disease - answerIdea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms, or germs.
Koch's postulates - answerSequence of experimental steps used for directly relating a
specific microbe to a specific disease
Immunity - answerProduction or recovery from disease either through vaccine or
through prior illness of disease
Chemotherapy - answerA drug that targets rapidly reproducing cells in an effort to
combat cancer. Administered via intravenous drugs, often causes hair loss, nausea,
and nutritional deficiencies, along with radiation treatment, it may also cause long-term
damage to the heart, brain, and other organs
Antibiotics - answerDrugs that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
Synthetic drugs - answerChemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the
laboratory
Bacteriology - answerStudy of bacteria
Mycology - answerStudy of fungi
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